Difference between revisions of "Tenibvreth (dialect)"

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[[Category: Tenibvreth]]
[[Category: Languages]]
[[Category: Conlangs]]
[[Category: Artlangs]]
[[Category: A posteriori]]
[[Category: Indo-European]]
[[Category: Romance]]
[[Category: Braereth]]
[[Category: Tenibvreth]]{{Braereth/nav}}
Tenibvreth is one of three modern dialects of '''[[Braereth]]''', spoken primarily by the vampire clans.
The phonology is similar to [[Braereth|Classical Braereth]],  but is marked by vowel raising, vowel deletion, the establishment of a pure palatal series, and fricativization of the traditional palatal lateral.


Tenibvreth is actually a collection of three fairly mutually intelligible dialects. Classical Tenibvreth was a Western Romance language spoken in pockets of mountainous areas from the Alps to the Carpathians until the mid-sixteenth century, when it fell out of use.
Tenibvreth is also characterised by extensive borrowing of terms from Germanic, Slavic, Gothic, and other Romance sources; conversely, certain Classical Latin terms are preserved which were lost in most or all other Romance languages.


The modern language is still often written in the classical orthography, though the two dialects that have emerged from it sometimes diverge sharply. The dialect known as Modern Tenibvreth is much more conservative to the original phonology. The Eomentesa dialect, however, has a sound that is much more similar to modern Iberian languages.
==Phonology==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|width=75| '''Consonants'''
!width=75| Labial
!width=75| Dental
!width=75| Alveolar
!width=75| Palatal
!width=75| Velar
|width=12 rowspan=8|  
|width=75| '''Vowels'''
!width=75| Front
!width=75| Back
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Plosive
| p · b
|colspan=2| t · d
|  
| k · ɡ
! style="text-align: right;"| High
| i · [y]
| u
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Affricate
|  
|  
| ʦ · ʣ
| ʨ · ʥ
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| Mid
| e
| o
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Fricative
| f· v
| θ · [ð]
| s · [z]
| ɕ · (ʑ)
| [x](χ) ·
! style="text-align: right;"| Low
| colspan=2| a~ä, ə
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Nasal
| m
|colspan=2| n
| ɲ
| [ŋ]
| '''Diphthongs'''
! To Front
! To Back
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Lateral
|  
| l
| [ɬ] · ɮ
| [ʎ]
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| High
| ui̯
| iu̯
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Rhotic
|  
|  
| r [ɾ]
| ʐ
| [ʀ]
! style="text-align: right;"| Mid
|  
| eu̯
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Approximant
| ʋ
|  
|  
| j
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| Low
| ai̯
| au̯
|}
 
===Notable Changes from Braereth to Tenibvreth===
Word-initially, ⟨ui⟩ is realized as [vi] or [ʋi].


For the purposes of this text, We will use the Classical spelling of the language; where appropriate and necessary, dialectal forms will be shown in double-brackets, e.g. '''''[[undix]]''''' [unˈdi] ‘where’, but Modern Tenibvreth ⟪'''''[[ubvi]]'''''⟫ [ˈuvi] or Eomentesa ⟪'''''[[quondex]]'''''⟫ [kwonˈde]. Specific differences in the phonologies of the two modern dialects are described in more detail under '''[[#Phonology|Phonology]]'''.
Word-internally, there is very little change from the classical language aside from some minor changes:
* ⟨bv⟩: β → v
* ⟨cj⟩: cç → ʨ
* ⟨ctj⟩: kʨ → kɕ
* ⟨dj⟩: ʤ → ʥ
* ⟨ei⟩: ei̯ → i
* ⟨gj⟩: ɟʝ → ʥ
* ⟨l⟩: l → ɮ after a voiced obstruent (i.e. /bl, ɡl/ = [bɮ, ɡɮ])
* ⟨l⟩: l → ɬ after an unvoiced obstruent (i.e. /pl, kl, fl/ = [pɬ, kɬ, ])
* ⟨lj⟩: ʎ → ɮ
* ⟨u⟩: u → y (In some dialects; others merge with ⟨ou⟩.)
* ⟨ou⟩: ou̯ → u
* ⟨qu⟩: kw → kʋ
* ⟨sj⟩: ʃ → ɕ
* ⟨tj⟩: ʧ → ʨ
* ⟨zj⟩: ʒ → ʑ


==Phonology==
However, word-final vowels are often elided, and the newly-exposed final consonants take on a wide variety of new forms. Final unstressed ⟨u⟩ is deleted word-finally in nouns and adjectives.
(There will be words here eventually...)
* ⟨u⟩: u → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word except in diphthongs)
* ⟨c⟩: k → χ
* ⟨d⟩: ð → θ
* ⟨lj⟩: ʎ → ʎ (This remains palatalized while all word-internal instances of [ʎ] become [ɮ].)
* ⟨r⟩: r → ʀ
* ⟨t⟩: ð → θ
 
Final unstressed ⟨e⟩ is deleted word-finally, but triggers palatalization to the previous consonant.
* ⟨e⟩: e → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word)
* ⟨de⟩: de → ʥ
* ⟨le⟩: le → ʎ
* ⟨ne⟩: ne → ɲ
* ⟨re⟩: re → ʐ
* ⟨te⟩: te → ʨ
 
Final unstressed ⟨a⟩ is often reduced to [ə], but rarely elided in speech.
 
==Tenibvreth “Argot” Spelling==


===Classical Phonology===
While, officially, Tenibvreth uses the same orthography as [[Braereth|Classical Braereth]], the spelling is often modified to more closely reflect the spoken language. While non-standard spellings by definition do not have official rules, there are some tendancies to be aware of.
(There will be words here eventually...)


===Modern (Vampire) Phonology===
NB: Where Tenibvreth spellings are used in the text of this wiki, they are enclosed in double angle brackets (e.g. ⟪''patr''⟫).
(There will be words here eventually...)


===Eomentesa Phonology===
* Final ⟨-u⟩ is dropped completely except in a diphthong (e.g. ⟨au⟩, ⟨eu⟩, or ⟨ou⟩).
(There will be words here eventually...)
** '''''[[patru#Braereth|patru]]''''' → '''''[[patr#Tenibvreth|patr]]''''' ‘father’
** '''''[[montu#Braereth|montu]]''''' → '''''[[mont#Tenibvreth|mont]]''''' ‘mountain’
** Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨j⟩, the ⟨j⟩ is deleted as well and replaced by an apostrophe to indicate palatalization.
*** '''''[[reictju#Braereth|reictju]]''''' → '''''[[reict’#Tenibvreth|reict’]]''''' ‘right’
*** '''''[[ignju#Braereth|ignju]]''''' → '''''[[ign’#Tenibvreth|ign’]]''''' ‘fire’
** Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨t⟩, ⟨t⟩ becomes ⟨th⟩. (This does not occur when ⟨t⟩ appears in a cluster such as ⟨nt⟩.)
*** '''''[[natu#Braereth|natu]]''''' → '''''[[nath#Tenibvreth|nath]]''''' ‘born’
*** '''''[[crutu#Braereth|crutu]]''''' → '''''[[cruth#Tenibvreth|cruth]]''''' ‘short’
** Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨d⟩, ⟨d⟩ becomes ⟨th⟩. (This does not occur when ⟨d⟩ appears in a cluster such as ⟨nd⟩ or ⟨ct⟩.)
*** '''''[[cjaudu#Braereth|cjaudu]]''''' → '''''[[cjauth#Tenibvreth|cjauth]]''''' ‘hot’
*** '''''[[vridu#Braereth|vridu]]''''' → '''''[[vrith#Tenibvreth|vrith]]''''' ‘green’
** Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after voiced ⟨s⟩, ⟨s⟩ is written as ⟨z⟩.
*** '''''[[espousu#Braereth|espousu]]''''' → '''''[[espouz#Tenibvreth|espouz]]''''' ‘husband’
*** '''''[[drosu#Braereth|drosu]]''''' → '''''[[droz#Tenibvreth|droz]]''''' ‘back’
* Final ⟨-e⟩ is dropped and an apostrophe is added (indicating palatalization).
** A deleted final ⟨e⟩ after the letters ⟨d, t, l, n, r⟩ causes palatalization:
*** '''''[[pide#Braereth|pide]]''''' → '''''[[pid’#Tenibvreth|pid’]]''''' ‘foot’
*** '''''[[mare#Braereth|mare]]''''' → '''''[[mar’#Tenibvreth|mar’]]''''' ‘sea’
** The apostrophe is usually omitted after infinitives, but the final ⟨-r⟩ is still realized as [ʐ].
*** '''''[[mengjare#Braereth|mengjare]]''''' → '''''[[mengjar#Tenibvreth|mengjar]]''''' ‘to eat’
*** '''''[[ire#Braereth|ire]]''''' → '''''[[ir#Tenibvreth|ir]]''''' ‘to go’
** Where final ⟨-e⟩ follows a ⟨j⟩, both letters may be deleted (as the apostrophe is ostensibly doing the same job as the ⟨j⟩).
*** '''''[[setje#Braereth|setje]]''''' → '''''[[set’#Tenibvreth|set’]]''''' ‘seven’
*** '''''[[milje#Braereth|milje]]''''' → '''''[[mil’#Tenibvreth|mil’]]''''' ‘thousand’
** The apostrophe is also used where there is no palatalization:
*** '''''[[denouve#Braereth|denouve]]''''' → '''''[[denouv’#Tenibvreth|denouv’]]''''' ‘again’
*** '''''[[procime#Braereth|procime]]''''' → '''''[[procim’#Tenibvreth|procim’]]''''' ‘near’
* ⟨qu⟩ is often written as ⟨qv⟩.
** '''''[[quei#Braereth|quei]]''''' → '''''[[qvei#Tenibvreth|qvei]]''''' ‘what’
** '''''[[ecquilju#Braereth|ecquilju]]''''' → '''''[[ecqvil’#Tenibvreth|ecqvil’]]''''' ‘that’
* ⟨ui⟩ is written as ⟨vi⟩ when word-initial.
** '''''[[uictjou#Braereth|uictjou]]''''' → '''''[[victjou#Tenibvreth|victjou]]''''' ‘eight’
** '''''[[uictoce#Braereth|uictoce]]''''' → '''''[[victoc’#Tenibvreth|victoc’]]''''' ‘eighteen’

Latest revision as of 05:00, 25 September 2023

Braereth Main Page
Tenibvreth Dialect
Eomentesa Dialect
Merineth Dialect
Braereth Lexicon
(arranged alphabetically)

Braereth Word Hoard
Braereth Phrasebook
Braereth Categories
Braereth extra-grammatical categories
External
A Braereth Grammar

Tenibvreth is one of three modern dialects of Braereth, spoken primarily by the vampire clans.

The phonology is similar to Classical Braereth, but is marked by vowel raising, vowel deletion, the establishment of a pure palatal series, and fricativization of the traditional palatal lateral.

Tenibvreth is also characterised by extensive borrowing of terms from Germanic, Slavic, Gothic, and other Romance sources; conversely, certain Classical Latin terms are preserved which were lost in most or all other Romance languages.

Phonology

Consonants Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar   Vowels Front Back
Plosive p · b t · d   k · ɡ High i · [y] u
Affricate     ʦ · ʣ ʨ · ʥ   Mid e o
Fricative f· v θ · [ð] s · [z] ɕ · (ʑ) [x](χ) · Low a~ä, ə
Nasal m n ɲ [ŋ] Diphthongs To Front To Back
Lateral   l [ɬ] · ɮ [ʎ]   High ui̯ iu̯
Rhotic     r [ɾ] ʐ [ʀ] Mid   eu̯
Approximant ʋ     j   Low ai̯ au̯

Notable Changes from Braereth to Tenibvreth

Word-initially, ⟨ui⟩ is realized as [vi] or [ʋi].

Word-internally, there is very little change from the classical language aside from some minor changes:

  • ⟨bv⟩: β → v
  • ⟨cj⟩: cç → ʨ
  • ⟨ctj⟩: kʨ → kɕ
  • ⟨dj⟩: ʤ → ʥ
  • ⟨ei⟩: ei̯ → i
  • ⟨gj⟩: ɟʝ → ʥ
  • ⟨l⟩: l → ɮ after a voiced obstruent (i.e. /bl, ɡl/ = [bɮ, ɡɮ])
  • ⟨l⟩: l → ɬ after an unvoiced obstruent (i.e. /pl, kl, fl/ = [pɬ, kɬ, fɬ])
  • ⟨lj⟩: ʎ → ɮ
  • ⟨u⟩: u → y (In some dialects; others merge with ⟨ou⟩.)
  • ⟨ou⟩: ou̯ → u
  • ⟨qu⟩: kw → kʋ
  • ⟨sj⟩: ʃ → ɕ
  • ⟨tj⟩: ʧ → ʨ
  • ⟨zj⟩: ʒ → ʑ

However, word-final vowels are often elided, and the newly-exposed final consonants take on a wide variety of new forms. Final unstressed ⟨u⟩ is deleted word-finally in nouns and adjectives.

  • ⟨u⟩: u → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word except in diphthongs)
  • ⟨c⟩: k → χ
  • ⟨d⟩: ð → θ
  • ⟨lj⟩: ʎ → ʎ (This remains palatalized while all word-internal instances of [ʎ] become [ɮ].)
  • ⟨r⟩: r → ʀ
  • ⟨t⟩: ð → θ

Final unstressed ⟨e⟩ is deleted word-finally, but triggers palatalization to the previous consonant.

  • ⟨e⟩: e → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word)
  • ⟨de⟩: de → ʥ
  • ⟨le⟩: le → ʎ
  • ⟨ne⟩: ne → ɲ
  • ⟨re⟩: re → ʐ
  • ⟨te⟩: te → ʨ

Final unstressed ⟨a⟩ is often reduced to [ə], but rarely elided in speech.

Tenibvreth “Argot” Spelling

While, officially, Tenibvreth uses the same orthography as Classical Braereth, the spelling is often modified to more closely reflect the spoken language. While non-standard spellings by definition do not have official rules, there are some tendancies to be aware of.

NB: Where Tenibvreth spellings are used in the text of this wiki, they are enclosed in double angle brackets (e.g. ⟪patr⟫).

  • Final ⟨-u⟩ is dropped completely except in a diphthong (e.g. ⟨au⟩, ⟨eu⟩, or ⟨ou⟩).
    • patrupatr ‘father’
    • montumont ‘mountain’
    • Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨j⟩, the ⟨j⟩ is deleted as well and replaced by an apostrophe to indicate palatalization.
    • Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨t⟩, ⟨t⟩ becomes ⟨th⟩. (This does not occur when ⟨t⟩ appears in a cluster such as ⟨nt⟩.)
    • Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨d⟩, ⟨d⟩ becomes ⟨th⟩. (This does not occur when ⟨d⟩ appears in a cluster such as ⟨nd⟩ or ⟨ct⟩.)
    • Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after voiced ⟨s⟩, ⟨s⟩ is written as ⟨z⟩.
  • Final ⟨-e⟩ is dropped and an apostrophe is added (indicating palatalization).
    • A deleted final ⟨e⟩ after the letters ⟨d, t, l, n, r⟩ causes palatalization:
    • The apostrophe is usually omitted after infinitives, but the final ⟨-r⟩ is still realized as [ʐ].
    • Where final ⟨-e⟩ follows a ⟨j⟩, both letters may be deleted (as the apostrophe is ostensibly doing the same job as the ⟨j⟩).
    • The apostrophe is also used where there is no palatalization:
  • ⟨qu⟩ is often written as ⟨qv⟩.
  • ⟨ui⟩ is written as ⟨vi⟩ when word-initial.