Difference between revisions of "Eomentesa (dialect)"

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[[Category: Braereth]]
[[Category: Languages]]
[[Category: Eomentesa]]
[[Category: Conlangs]]
 
[[Category: Artlangs]]
Eomentesa is one of two modern dialects of '''[[Braereth]]''', spoken primarily by witches. (The other dialect is '''[[Tenibvreth]]'''.)
[[Category: A posteriori]]
[[Category: Indo-European]]
[[Category: Romance]]
[[Category: Braereth]][[Category: Eomentesa]]{{Braereth/nav}}
Eomentesa is one of three modern dialects of '''[[Braereth]]''', spoken primarily by witches. (The other dialects are '''[[Tenibvreth (dialect)|Tenibvreth]]''' and '''[[Merineth (dialect)|Merineth]]'''.)
The phonology is similar to Spanish or Catalan, marked by vowel lowering and unpacking of the palatal series from '''[[Braereth|Classical Braereth]]'''.
The phonology is similar to Spanish or Catalan, marked by vowel lowering and unpacking of the palatal series from '''[[Braereth|Classical Braereth]]'''.
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==


===Changes from Braereth to Eomentesa===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
* ⟨bv⟩: β b
|width=75| '''Consonants'''
* ⟨cj⟩, ⟨tj⟩: ʧ ts
!width=75| Labial
* ⟨gj⟩, ⟨dj⟩: ʤ dz
!width=75| Dental
* ⟨scj⟩: sʃ ʃ
!width=75| Alveolar
* ⟨zj⟩: ʒ ʃ
!width=75| Palatal
* ⟨ei⟩: ej
!width=75| Velar
* ⟨ou⟩: ow
|width=12 rowspan=8|  
* ⟨lj⟩: ʎ lj
|width=75| '''Vowels'''
* ⟨nj⟩: ɲ nj
!width=75| Front
* ⟨e⟩: e → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word)
!width=75| Back
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Plosive
| p · b
|colspan=2| t · d
|  
| k · ɡ
! style="text-align: right;"| High
| i, iː
| u, uː
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Affricate
|  
|  
| ʦ · ʣ
| ʧ · ʤ
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| Mid
| e̞, e̞ː
| o̞
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Fricative
| f · v
| θ · [ð]
| s · z
| ç, ʃ · ʒ
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| Low
| colspan=2| a
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Nasal
| m
|colspan=2| n
|  
| ŋ
| '''Diphthongs'''
! To Front
! To Back
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Lateral
|  
|colspan=2| l
|  
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| Mid
|  
| eu̯
|-
! style="text-align: right;"| Trill
|  
|  
| r [ɾ]
|  
|  
! style="text-align: right;"| Low
|  
| au̯
|}
 
<small>* Characters in square brackets are allophones; they are not phonemic.</small><br />
<small>* Characters in parentheses only occur in borrowings.</small>
 
===Spelling Reform===
While Eomentesa is traditionally spelled as classical [[Braereth]], a recent spelling reform based on the current phonology of the language is used by many speakers, and renders it quite distinct. A few differences of notes:
* Palatal ⟨j⟩ is not used. It is elided entirely after obstruents, or changes to ⟨i⟩ after sonorants.
** '''''[[nuictje#Braereth|nuictje]]''''' → '''''[[nútx#Eomentesa|nútx]]''''' ‘night’
** '''''[[anju#Braereth|anju]]''''' → '''''[[anio#Eomentesa|anio]]''''' ‘year’
* ⟨bv⟩ is written as ⟨v⟩.
** '''''[[aubvru#Braereth|aubvru]]''''' → '''''[[aovro#Eomentesa|aovro]]''''' ‘tree’
* ⟨ou⟩ is written as ⟨o⟩ (sometimes as ⟨u⟩ when it has the value /u/).
** '''''[[foucu#Braereth|foucu]]''''' '''''[[foco#Eomentesa|foco]]''''' ‘fire’
* ⟨cj⟩, ⟨ctj⟩, ⟨c⟩ before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, and ⟨tj⟩ are written as ⟨x⟩ when initial and ⟨tx⟩ otherwise.
** '''''[[acelju#Braereth|acelju]]''''' → '''''[[atxelio#Eomentesa|atxelio]]''''' ‘bird’
** '''''[[centrau#Braereth|centrau]]''''' '''''[[xentrao#Eomentesa|xentrau]]''''' ‘central’
* ⟨gj⟩, ⟨g⟩ before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, and ⟨dj⟩ are written as ⟨j⟩ when initial and ⟨dj⟩ otherwise.
** '''''[[gindrau#Braereth|gindrau]]''''' → '''''[[jindrao#Eomentesa|jindrao]]''''' ‘general’
** '''''[[pungere#Braereth|pungere]]''''' '''''[[pundjer#Eomentesa|pundjer]]''''' ‘to stab’
* ⟨tz⟩ is written as ⟨s⟩ when initial, ⟨dz⟩ when voiced, and remains ⟨tz⟩ when unvoiced.
** '''''[[tzince#Braereth|tzince]]''''' '''''[[sintx#Eomentesa|sintx]]''''' ‘five’
** '''''[[pitzitu#Braereth|pitzitu]]''''' '''''[[pedzito#Eomentesa|pedzito]]'''''  ‘small’
* ⟨ei⟩ is normally written as ⟨e⟩, or ⟨é⟩ when long.
** '''''[[reigu#Braereth|reigu]]''''' → '''''[[rego#Eomentesa|rego]]''''' ‘king’
** '''''[[beistja#Braereth|beistja]]''''' '''''[[béxa#Eomentesa|béxa]]''''' ‘animal’
* Some instances of ⟨u⟩ and most instances of ⟨ou⟩ are written as ⟨o⟩, and ⟨o⟩ is always used word-finally in place of ⟨u⟩.
** '''''[[uricla#Braereth|uricla]]''''' → '''''[[oricla#Eomentesa|oricla]]''''' ‘ear’
** '''''[[ouvu#Braereth|ouvu]]''''' → '''''[[ovo#Eomentesa|ovo]]''''' ‘egg’
* Some instances of ⟨i⟩ are written as ⟨e⟩.
** '''''[[cintu#Braereth|cintu]]''''' → '''''[[xinto#Eomentesa|xinto]]''''' ‘hundred’
** '''''[[midju#Braereth|midju]]''''' → '''''[[medjo#Eomentesa|medjo]]''''' ‘half’
* Some instances of ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ are written as ⟨a⟩.
** '''''[[ecquix#Braereth|ecquix]]''''' → '''''[[acquì#Eomentesa|acquì]]''''' ‘here’
** '''''[[mengjare#Braereth|mengjare]]''''' '''''[[mandjar#Eomentesa|mandjar]]''''' ‘to eat’
* ⟨qh⟩ is elided when initial; it is writte as ⟨h⟩ otherwise.
** '''''[[qheru#Braereth|qheru]]''''' '''''[[ero#Eomentesa|ero]]''''' ‘deer, hart’
** '''''[[aqhma#Braereth|aqhma]]''''' '''''[[ahma#Eomentesa|ahma]]''''' ‘life force’
* Final ⟨e⟩ is elided.
** '''''[[ridere#Braereth|ridere]]''''' → '''''[[rider#Eomentesa|rider]]''''' ‘to laugh’
** '''''[[infante#Braereth|infante]]''''' → '''''[[infant#Eomentesa|infant]]''''' ‘child’
* Final ⟨nje⟩ or ⟨gne⟩ becomes ⟨ng⟩.
** '''''[[cjanje#Braereth|cjanje]]''''' → '''''[[xang#Eomentesa|xang]]''''' ‘dog’
** '''''[[seigne#Braereth|seigne]]''''' → '''''[[séng#Eomentesa|séng]]''''' ‘dog’
* Final ⟨au⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ are written as ⟨ao⟩.
** '''''[[saou#Braereth|saou]]''''' → '''''[[sao#Eomentesa|sao]]''''' ‘salt’
** '''''[[centrau#Braereth|centrau]]''''' → '''''[[xentrao#Eomentesa|xentrao]]''''' ‘central’
* Final ⟨eu⟩ and ⟨eou⟩ are written as ⟨eo⟩.
** '''''[[beou#Braereth|beou]]''''' → '''''[[beo#Eomentesa|beo]]''''' ‘beautiful’
** '''''[[ribveu#Braereth|ribveu]]''''' → '''''[[riveo#Eomentesa|riveo]]''''' ‘level’
* The stress-indicator ⟨x⟩ is written as a grave accent (e.g. ⟨à⟩).
** '''''[[iljax#Braereth|iljax]]''''' '''''[[alià#Eomentesa|alià]]''''' ‘there’
* Vowels become long and are marked with an acute accent before former ⟨ct⟩ clusters and in certain other environments.
** '''''[[deice#Braereth|deice]]''''' → '''''[[dítx#Eomentesa|dítx]]''''' ‘ten’
** '''''[[uictjou#Braereth|uictjou]]''''' → '''''[[útxo#Eomentesa|útxo]]''''' ‘eight’
* ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ are inserted into consonant clusters which have become unpronounceable according to the phonotactics of the Eomentesa dialect.
** '''''[[vrisu#Braereth|vrisu]]''''' → '''''[[verizo#Eomentesa|verizo]]''''' ‘twisted’
 
====Orthographic and Phonemic Mapping====
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!width=50| Orth.
!width=50| Phn.
!width=150| Example
!width=100| IPA
!width=100| Classical
! Environment/Notes
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| x̀
| [ˈ]
| '''''[[alià#Eomentesa|alià]]''''' ‘there’
| [a.liˈa]
| '''''[[iljax#Braereth|iljax]]'''''
|align="left"|A grave accent is used to indicate stress.
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| a
| [a]
| '''''[[ath#Eomentesa|ath]]''''' ‘to’
| [aθ]
| '''''[[ath#Braereth|ath]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| ao
| [au̯]
| '''''[[aovro#Eomentesa|aovro]]''''' ‘tree’
| [ˈau.vro̞]
| '''''[[aubvru#Braereth|aubvru]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| ao
| [a.o̞]
| '''''[[sao#Eomentesa|sao]]''''' ‘salt’
| [sa.o̞]
| '''''[[saou#Braereth|saou]]'''''
|align="left"| /___# (“When word-final.”)
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| b
| [b]
| '''''[[baclo#Eomentesa|baclo]]''''' ‘stick’
| [ˈba.klo̞]
| '''''[[baclu#Braereth|baclu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| c
| [k]
| '''''[[coro#Eomentesa|coro]]''''' ‘heart’
| [ˈko̞.ro̞]
| '''''[[couru#Braereth|couru]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| d
| [d]
| '''''[[dent#Eomentesa|dent]]''''' ‘tooth’
| [de̞nt]
| '''''[[dente#Braereth|dente]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| d
| [ð]
| '''''[[xaodo#Eomentesa|xaodo]]''''' ‘hot’
| [ʃau̯.ðo̞]
| '''''[[cjaudu#Braereth|cjaudu]]'''''
|align="left"| /V___V (“When between vowels.”)
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| dj
| [ʤ]
| '''''[[tradjer#Eomentesa|tradjer]]''''' ‘to pull’
| [tɾaˈʤe̞r]
| '''''[[tragere#Braereth|tragere]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| dz
| [ʣ]
| '''''[[pedzito#Eomentesa|pedzito]]''''' ‘small’
| [pe̞ˈʣi.to̞]
| '''''[[pitzitu#Braereth|pitzitu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| e
| [e̞]
| '''''[[estelia#Eomentesa|estelia]]''''' ‘star’
| [e̞ˈste̞.li.a]
| '''''[[estelja#Braereth|estelja]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| é
| [e̞ː]
| '''''[[fétx#Eomentesa|fétx]]''''' ‘done’
| [fe̞ːʧ]
| '''''[[faectje#Braereth|faectje]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| eo
| [e̞u̯]
| '''''[[seova#Eomentesa|seova]]''''' ‘forest’
| [ˈse̞u̯.va]
| '''''[[seuva#Braereth|seuva]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| eo
| [e̞.o̞]
| '''''[[beo#Eomentesa|beo]]''''' ‘beautiful’
| [ˈbe̞.o̞]
| '''''[[beou#Braereth|beou]]'''''
|align="left"| /___# (“When word-final.”)
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| f
| [f]
| '''''[[folia#Eomentesa|folia]]''''' ‘leaf’
| [ˈfo̞.li.a]
| '''''[[folja#Braereth|folja]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| g
| [ɡ]
| '''''[[grosto#Eomentesa|grosto]]''''' ‘thick’
| [ˈɡro̞s.to̞]
| '''''[[grostu#Braereth|grostu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| h
| [ç]
| '''''[[ahma#Eomentesa|ahma]]''''' ‘life force’
| [ˈaç.ma]
| '''''[[aqhma#Braereth|aqhma]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| i
| [i]
| '''''[[ilis#Eomentesa|ilis]]''''' ‘they’
| [ˈi.lis]
| '''''[[iljis#Braereth|iljis]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| í
| [iː]
| '''''[[dítx#Eomentesa|dítx]]''''' ‘ten’
| [ˈdiːʧ]
| '''''[[deice#Braereth|deice]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| j
| [ʒ]
| '''''[[jeo#Eomentesa|jeo]]''''' ‘god’
| [ˈʒe̞.o̞]
| '''''[[djeou#Braereth|djeou]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| l
| [l]
| '''''[[lapid#Eomentesa|lapid]]''''' ‘stone’
| [lapid]
| '''''[[lapide#Braereth|lapide]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| m
| [m]
| '''''[[molir#Eomentesa|molir]]''''' ‘to die’
| [mo̞ˈlir]
| '''''[[moulire#Braereth|moulire]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| n
| [n]
| '''''[[naxer#Eomentesa|naxer]]''''' ‘to be born’
| [naˈʃe̞r]
| '''''[[nascere#Braereth|nascere]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| nc
| [ŋk]
| '''''[[jinclo#Eomentesa|jinclo]]''''' ‘knee’
| [ˈʒiŋ.klo̞]
| '''''[[ginclu#Braereth|ginclu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| ng
| [ŋɡ]
| '''''[[longo#Eomentesa|longo]]''''' ‘long’
| [ˈlo̞ŋ.ɡo̞]
| '''''[[loungu#Braereth|loungu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| ng
| [ŋ]
| '''''[[xang#Eomentesa|xang]]''''' ‘dog’
| [ʃaŋ]
| '''''[[cjanje#Braereth|cjanje]]'''''
|align="left"| /___# (“When word-final.”)
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| o
| [o̞]
| '''''[[ovo#Eomentesa|ovo]]''''' ‘egg’
| [ˈo̞.vo̞]
| '''''[[ouvu#Braereth|ouvu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| p
| [p]
| '''''[[pelio#Eomentesa|pelio]]''''' ‘hair’
| [ˈpe̞.li.o̞]
| '''''[[pelju#Braereth|pelju]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| qu
| [ku.]
| '''''[[aqua#Braereth|aqua]]''''' ‘water’
| [ˈaku.a]
| '''''[[aqua#Braereth|aqua]]'''''
|align="left"| /___V (“When followed by a vowel.”)
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| r
| [r]
| '''''[[rider#Eomentesa|rider]]''''' ‘to laugh’
| [riˈðe̞r]
| '''''[[ridere#Braereth|ridere]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| s
| [s]
| '''''[[sintx#Eomentesa|sintx]]''''' ‘five’
| [sinʧ]
| '''''[[tzince#Braereth|tzince]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| t
| [t]
| '''''[[tuto#Eomentesa|tuto]]''''' ‘all’
| [ˈtu.to̞]
| '''''[[tutu#Braereth|tutu]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| th
| [θ]
| '''''[[eth#Eomentesa|eth]]''''' ‘and’
| [e̞θ]
| '''''[[eth#Braereth|eth]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| tx
| [ʧ]
| '''''[[frútxo#Eomentesa|frútxo]]''''' ‘fruit’
| [ˈfruːʧo̞]
| '''''[[fruictju#Braereth|fruictju]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| tz
| [ʦ]
| '''''[[contzer#Eomentesa|contzer]]''''' ‘to fight’
| [conˈʦer]
| '''''[[countzere#Braereth|countzere]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| u
| [u]
| '''''[[untx#Eomentesa|untx]]''''' ‘eleven’
| [unʧ]
| '''''[[unce#Braereth|unce]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| ú
| [uː]
| '''''[[útxo#Eomentesa|útxo]]''''' ‘eight’
| [ˈuːʧo̞]
| '''''[[uictjou#Braereth|uictjou]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| v
| [v]
| '''''[[voler#Eomentesa|voler]]''''' ‘to want’
| [vo̞ˈle̞r]
| '''''[[voulere#Braereth|voulere]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| x
| [ʃ]
| '''''[[xentrao#Eomentesa|xentrao]]''''' ‘central’
| [ʃe̞nˈtɾa.o̞]
| '''''[[centrau#Braereth|centrau]]'''''
|
|-
|style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 18pt; vertical-align: text-top;"| z
| [z]
| '''''[[espoza#Eomentesa|espoza]]''''' ‘wife’
| [e̞ˈspu.za]
| '''''[[espousa#Braereth|espousa]]'''''
|
|}

Latest revision as of 16:19, 4 January 2023

Braereth Main Page
Tenibvreth Dialect
Eomentesa Dialect
Merineth Dialect
Braereth Lexicon
(arranged alphabetically)

Braereth Word Hoard
Braereth Phrasebook
Braereth Categories
Braereth extra-grammatical categories
External
A Braereth Grammar

Eomentesa is one of three modern dialects of Braereth, spoken primarily by witches. (The other dialects are Tenibvreth and Merineth.)

The phonology is similar to Spanish or Catalan, marked by vowel lowering and unpacking of the palatal series from Classical Braereth.

Phonology

Consonants Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar   Vowels Front Back
Plosive p · b t · d   k · ɡ High i, iː u, uː
Affricate     ʦ · ʣ ʧ · ʤ   Mid e̞, e̞ː
Fricative f · v θ · [ð] s · z ç, ʃ · ʒ   Low a
Nasal m n   ŋ Diphthongs To Front To Back
Lateral   l     Mid   eu̯
Trill     r [ɾ]     Low   au̯

* Characters in square brackets are allophones; they are not phonemic.
* Characters in parentheses only occur in borrowings.

Spelling Reform

While Eomentesa is traditionally spelled as classical Braereth, a recent spelling reform based on the current phonology of the language is used by many speakers, and renders it quite distinct. A few differences of notes:

  • Palatal ⟨j⟩ is not used. It is elided entirely after obstruents, or changes to ⟨i⟩ after sonorants.
  • ⟨bv⟩ is written as ⟨v⟩.
  • ⟨ou⟩ is written as ⟨o⟩ (sometimes as ⟨u⟩ when it has the value /u/).
  • ⟨cj⟩, ⟨ctj⟩, ⟨c⟩ before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, and ⟨tj⟩ are written as ⟨x⟩ when initial and ⟨tx⟩ otherwise.
  • ⟨gj⟩, ⟨g⟩ before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, and ⟨dj⟩ are written as ⟨j⟩ when initial and ⟨dj⟩ otherwise.
  • ⟨tz⟩ is written as ⟨s⟩ when initial, ⟨dz⟩ when voiced, and remains ⟨tz⟩ when unvoiced.
  • ⟨ei⟩ is normally written as ⟨e⟩, or ⟨é⟩ when long.
  • Some instances of ⟨u⟩ and most instances of ⟨ou⟩ are written as ⟨o⟩, and ⟨o⟩ is always used word-finally in place of ⟨u⟩.
  • Some instances of ⟨i⟩ are written as ⟨e⟩.
  • Some instances of ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ are written as ⟨a⟩.
  • ⟨qh⟩ is elided when initial; it is writte as ⟨h⟩ otherwise.
  • Final ⟨e⟩ is elided.
  • Final ⟨nje⟩ or ⟨gne⟩ becomes ⟨ng⟩.
  • Final ⟨au⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ are written as ⟨ao⟩.
  • Final ⟨eu⟩ and ⟨eou⟩ are written as ⟨eo⟩.
  • The stress-indicator ⟨x⟩ is written as a grave accent (e.g. ⟨à⟩).
  • Vowels become long and are marked with an acute accent before former ⟨ct⟩ clusters and in certain other environments.
  • ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ are inserted into consonant clusters which have become unpronounceable according to the phonotactics of the Eomentesa dialect.

Orthographic and Phonemic Mapping

Orth. Phn. Example IPA Classical Environment/Notes
[ˈ] alià ‘there’ [a.liˈa] iljax A grave accent is used to indicate stress.
a [a] ath ‘to’ [aθ] ath
ao [au̯] aovro ‘tree’ [ˈau.vro̞] aubvru
ao [a.o̞] sao ‘salt’ [sa.o̞] saou /___# (“When word-final.”)
b [b] baclo ‘stick’ [ˈba.klo̞] baclu
c [k] coro ‘heart’ [ˈko̞.ro̞] couru
d [d] dent ‘tooth’ [de̞nt] dente
d [ð] xaodo ‘hot’ [ʃau̯.ðo̞] cjaudu /V___V (“When between vowels.”)
dj [ʤ] tradjer ‘to pull’ [tɾaˈʤe̞r] tragere
dz [ʣ] pedzito ‘small’ [pe̞ˈʣi.to̞] pitzitu
e [e̞] estelia ‘star’ [e̞ˈste̞.li.a] estelja
é [e̞ː] fétx ‘done’ [fe̞ːʧ] faectje
eo [e̞u̯] seova ‘forest’ [ˈse̞u̯.va] seuva
eo [e̞.o̞] beo ‘beautiful’ [ˈbe̞.o̞] beou /___# (“When word-final.”)
f [f] folia ‘leaf’ [ˈfo̞.li.a] folja
g [ɡ] grosto ‘thick’ [ˈɡro̞s.to̞] grostu
h [ç] ahma ‘life force’ [ˈaç.ma] aqhma
i [i] ilis ‘they’ [ˈi.lis] iljis
í [iː] dítx ‘ten’ [ˈdiːʧ] deice
j [ʒ] jeo ‘god’ [ˈʒe̞.o̞] djeou
l [l] lapid ‘stone’ [lapid] lapide
m [m] molir ‘to die’ [mo̞ˈlir] moulire
n [n] naxer ‘to be born’ [naˈʃe̞r] nascere
nc [ŋk] jinclo ‘knee’ [ˈʒiŋ.klo̞] ginclu
ng [ŋɡ] longo ‘long’ [ˈlo̞ŋ.ɡo̞] loungu
ng [ŋ] xang ‘dog’ [ʃaŋ] cjanje /___# (“When word-final.”)
o [o̞] ovo ‘egg’ [ˈo̞.vo̞] ouvu
p [p] pelio ‘hair’ [ˈpe̞.li.o̞] pelju
qu [ku.] aqua ‘water’ [ˈaku.a] aqua /___V (“When followed by a vowel.”)
r [r] rider ‘to laugh’ [riˈðe̞r] ridere
s [s] sintx ‘five’ [sinʧ] tzince
t [t] tuto ‘all’ [ˈtu.to̞] tutu
th [θ] eth ‘and’ [e̞θ] eth
tx [ʧ] frútxo ‘fruit’ [ˈfruːʧo̞] fruictju
tz [ʦ] contzer ‘to fight’ [conˈʦer] countzere
u [u] untx ‘eleven’ [unʧ] unce
ú [uː] útxo ‘eight’ [ˈuːʧo̞] uictjou
v [v] voler ‘to want’ [vo̞ˈle̞r] voulere
x [ʃ] xentrao ‘central’ [ʃe̞nˈtɾa.o̞] centrau
z [z] espoza ‘wife’ [e̞ˈspu.za] espousa