Difference between revisions of "Braereth"
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!width=100| Classical | !width=100| Classical | ||
!width=100| [[Tenibvreth (dialect)|Tenibvreth]] | !width=100| [[Tenibvreth (dialect)|Tenibvreth]] | ||
!width=100| [[Eomentesa (dialect)|Eomentesa]] | |||
!width=100| [[Merineth (dialect)|Merineth]] | !width=100| [[Merineth (dialect)|Merineth]] | ||
! Environment/Notes | ! Environment/Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [sau̯] | | [sau̯] | ||
| [sau̯] | | [sau̯] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[sao#Eomentesa|sao]]'''''⟫<br />[sa.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[salu#Merolinian|salu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈsæ.lu] | | ⟪'''''[[salu#Merolinian|salu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈsæ.lu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Only occurs word-finally in stressed monosyllabic words. See additional notes at ⟨ae⟩. | |style="text-align: left;"| Only occurs word-finally in stressed monosyllabic words. See additional notes at ⟨ae⟩. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈau̯.bβru] | | [ˈau̯.bβru] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[aubvr#Tenibvreth|aubvr]]'''''⟫<br />[au̯vʀ] | | ⟪'''''[[aubvr#Tenibvreth|aubvr]]'''''⟫<br />[au̯vʀ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[auvro#Eomentesa|auvro]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈau.vro̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[alubru#Merolinian|alubru]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈæ.lu.bru] | | ⟪'''''[[alubru#Merolinian|alubru]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈæ.lu.bru] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| See notes at ⟨ae⟩. | |style="text-align: left;"| See notes at ⟨ae⟩. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈbak.lu] | | [ˈbak.lu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[bacl#Tenibvreth|bacl]]'''''⟫<br />[bakɬ] | | ⟪'''''[[bacl#Tenibvreth|bacl]]'''''⟫<br />[bakɬ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[baclo#Eomentesa|baclo]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈba.klo̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[paclu#Merolinian|paclu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpæk.lu] | | ⟪'''''[[paclu#Merolinian|paclu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpæk.lu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ri.bβeu̯] | | [ri.bβeu̯] | ||
| [riˈveu̯] | | [riˈveu̯] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[reveo#Eomentesa|reveo]]'''''⟫<br />[re̞ˈve̞.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[ribelu#Merolinian|ribelu]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈbe.lu] | | ⟪'''''[[ribelu#Merolinian|ribelu]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈbe.lu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Only occurs word-internally. | |style="text-align: left;"| Only occurs word-internally. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈkou̯.ru] | | [ˈkou̯.ru] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[cour#Tenibvreth|cour]]'''''⟫<br />[kuʀ] | | ⟪'''''[[cour#Tenibvreth|cour]]'''''⟫<br />[kuʀ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[coro#Eomentesa|coro]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈko̞.ro̞] | |||
| [ˈky.ru] | | [ˈky.ru] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [diˈcçe.re] | | [diˈcçe.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[dicer#Tenibvreth|dicer]]'''''⟫<br />[diˈʨer̝] | | ⟪'''''[[dicer#Tenibvreth|dicer]]'''''⟫<br />[diˈʨer̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[ditxer#Eomentesa|ditxer]]'''''⟫<br />[diˈʧe̞r] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[titsel#Merolinian|titsel]]'''''⟫<br />[tiˈʦel] | | ⟪'''''[[titsel#Merolinian|titsel]]'''''⟫<br />[tiˈʦel] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/_{i,e''' | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/_{i,e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [raˈʥi.cça] | | [raˈʥi.cça] | ||
| [raˈʥi.ʨə] | | [raˈʥi.ʨə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[radjitxa#Eomentesa|radjitxa]]'''''⟫<br />[raˈʤi.ʧa] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[radzitsa#Merolinian|radzitsa]]'''''⟫<br />[ræˈʣi.ʦa] | | ⟪'''''[[radzitsa#Merolinian|radzitsa]]'''''⟫<br />[ræˈʣi.ʦa] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈfrui̯c.ʨu] | | [ˈfrui̯c.ʨu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[fruict’#Tenibvreth|fruict’]]'''''⟫<br />[frui̯kɕ] | | ⟪'''''[[fruict’#Tenibvreth|fruict’]]'''''⟫<br />[frui̯kɕ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[frútxo#Eomentesa|frútxo]]'''''⟫<br />[fruːʧo̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[prútsu#Merolinian|prútsu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpruː.ʦu] | | ⟪'''''[[prútsu#Merolinian|prútsu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpruː.ʦu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈden.te] | | [ˈden.te] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[dent’#Tenibvreth|dent’]]'''''⟫<br />[denʨ] | | ⟪'''''[[dent’#Tenibvreth|dent’]]'''''⟫<br />[denʨ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[dent#Eomentesa|dent]]'''''⟫<br />[de̞nt] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[tents#Merolinian|tents]]'''''⟫<br />[tenʦ] | | ⟪'''''[[tents#Merolinian|tents]]'''''⟫<br />[tenʦ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈcçau̯.ðu] | | [ˈcçau̯.ðu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[cjaud#Tenibvreth|cjaud]]'''''⟫<br />[ʨau̯ð] | | ⟪'''''[[cjaud#Tenibvreth|cjaud]]'''''⟫<br />[ʨau̯ð] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[xaudo#Eomentesa|xaudo]]'''''⟫<br />[ʃau̯.ðo̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[salutu#Merolinian|salutu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈsæ.lu.tu] | | ⟪'''''[[salutu#Merolinian|salutu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈsæ.lu.tu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/S_S''' | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/S_S''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [koˈʥa] | | [koˈʥa] | ||
| [koˈʥa] | | [koˈʥa] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[codjà#Eomentesa|codjà]]'''''⟫<br />[ko̞ˈʤa] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[codzà#Merolinian|codzà]]'''''⟫<br />[koˈʣæ] | | ⟪'''''[[codzà#Merolinian|codzà]]'''''⟫<br />[koˈʣæ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [eˈste.ʎa] | | [eˈste.ʎa] | ||
| [eˈste.ɮə] | | [eˈste.ɮə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[estelia#Eomentesa|estelia]]'''''⟫<br />[e̞ˈste̞.li.a] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[estrelia#Merolinian|estrelia]]'''''⟫<br />[eˈstɾe.li.a] | | ⟪'''''[[estrelia#Merolinian|estrelia]]'''''⟫<br />[eˈstɾe.li.a] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈdei̯.cçe] | | [ˈdei̯.cçe] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[deic’#Tenibvreth|deic’]]'''''⟫<br />[diʨ] | | ⟪'''''[[deic’#Tenibvreth|deic’]]'''''⟫<br />[diʨ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[détx#Eomentesa|détx]]'''''⟫<br />[de̞ːʧ] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[tírts#Merolinian|tírts]]'''''⟫<br />[tiːrʦ] | | ⟪'''''[[tírts#Merolinian|tírts]]'''''⟫<br />[tiːrʦ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [beu̯] | | [beu̯] | ||
| [beu̯] | | [beu̯] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[beo#Eomentesa|beo]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈbe̞.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[pelu#Merolinian|pelu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpe.lu] | | ⟪'''''[[pelu#Merolinian|pelu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpe.lu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Only occurs word-finally in unstressed monosyllabic words. | |style="text-align: left;"| Only occurs word-finally in unstressed monosyllabic words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| /ˈseu̯.va/ | | /ˈseu̯.va/ | ||
| [ˈseu̯.va] | | [ˈseu̯.va] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[seluba#Merolinian|seluba]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈse.lu.ba] | |||
| [ˈseu̯və] | | [ˈseu̯və] | ||
| [ˈse̞u̯.va] | | [ˈse̞u̯.va] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
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| [ˈfo.ʎa] | | [ˈfo.ʎa] | ||
| [ˈfo.ɮə] | | [ˈfo.ɮə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[folia#Eomentesa|folia]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈfo̞.li.a] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[polia#Merolinian|polia]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpo.li.a] | | ⟪'''''[[polia#Merolinian|polia]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpo.li.a] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈɡro.stu] | | [ˈɡro.stu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[grost#Tenibvreth|grost]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈɡrost] | | ⟪'''''[[grost#Tenibvreth|grost]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈɡrost] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[grosto#Eomentesa|grosto]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈɡro̞s.to̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[crostu#Merolinian|crostu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈkro.stu] | | ⟪'''''[[crostu#Merolinian|crostu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈkro.stu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [tɾaˈɟʝe.re] | | [tɾaˈɟʝe.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[trager#Tenibvreth|trager]]'''''⟫<br />[tɾaˈʥer̝] | | ⟪'''''[[trager#Tenibvreth|trager]]'''''⟫<br />[tɾaˈʥer̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[tradjer#Eomentesa|tradjer]]'''''⟫<br />[tɾaˈʤe̞r] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[tradzel#Merolinian|tradzel]]'''''⟫<br />[tɾaˈʣel] | | ⟪'''''[[tradzel#Merolinian|tradzel]]'''''⟫<br />[tɾaˈʣel] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/_{i,e''' | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/_{i,e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [o.bliˈɟʝa.re] | | [o.bliˈɟʝa.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[obligjar#Tenibvreth|obligjar]]'''''⟫<br />[o.bliˈʥar̝] | | ⟪'''''[[obligjar#Tenibvreth|obligjar]]'''''⟫<br />[o.bliˈʥar̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[oblidjar#Eomentesa|oblidjar]]'''''⟫<br />[o̞b.liˈʤar] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[oplidzal#Merolinian|oplidzal]]'''''⟫<br />[o.pliˈʣal] | | ⟪'''''[[oplidzal#Merolinian|oplidzal]]'''''⟫<br />[o.pliˈʣal] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈmaŋ.nu] | | [ˈmaŋ.nu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[magn#Tenibvreth|magn]]'''''⟫<br />[maŋn] | | ⟪'''''[[magn#Tenibvreth|magn]]'''''⟫<br />[maŋn] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[mangano#Eomentesa|mangano]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈmaŋ.ɡa.no̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[manclu#Merolinian|manclu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈmæŋ.klu] | | ⟪'''''[[manclu#Merolinian|manclu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈmæŋ.klu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈiŋ.ɲu] | | [ˈiŋ.ɲu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[ign’#Tenibvreth|ign’]]'''''⟫<br />[iŋɲ] | | ⟪'''''[[ign’#Tenibvreth|ign’]]'''''⟫<br />[iŋɲ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[inio#Eomentesa|inio]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈi.ni.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[incliu#Merolinian|incliu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈiŋ.kli.u] | | ⟪'''''[[incliu#Merolinian|incliu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈiŋ.kli.u] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈi.ʎis] | | [ˈi.ʎis] | ||
| [ˈi.ɮis] | | [ˈi.ɮis] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[ilis#Eomentesa|ilis]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈi.lis] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[ilis#Merolinian|ilis]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈi.lis] | | ⟪'''''[[ilis#Merolinian|ilis]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈi.lis] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈje.kru] | | [ˈje.kru] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[iecr#Tenibvreth|iecr]]'''''⟫<br />[jekʀ] | | ⟪'''''[[iecr#Tenibvreth|iecr]]'''''⟫<br />[jekʀ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[iecro#Eomentesa|iecro]]'''''⟫<br />[iˈe̞.kro̞] | |||
| [iˈe.kru] | | [iˈe.kru] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/_V''' ('''!_/u/''') | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/_V''' ('''!_/u/''') | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈflu.viu̯] | | [ˈflu.viu̯] | ||
| [ˈfɬu.viu̯] | | [ˈfɬu.viu̯] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[fluvio#Eomentesa|fluvio]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈflu.vi.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[plubiu#Merolinian|plubiu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈply.bi.u] | | ⟪'''''[[plubiu#Merolinian|plubiu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈply.bi.u] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈla.pi.ðe] | | [ˈla.pi.ðe] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[lapid’#Tenibvreth|lapid’]]'''''⟫<br />[lap] | | ⟪'''''[[lapid’#Tenibvreth|lapid’]]'''''⟫<br />[lap] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[lapid#Eomentesa|lapid]]'''''⟫<br />[lap] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[lapits#Merolinian|lapits]]'''''⟫<br />[læp] | | ⟪'''''[[lapits#Merolinian|lapits]]'''''⟫<br />[læp] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈa.ʎis] | | [ˈa.ʎis] | ||
| [ˈa.ɮis] | | [ˈa.ɮis] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[alio#Eomentesa|alio]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈa.li.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[aliu#Merolinian|aliu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈæ.li.u] | | ⟪'''''[[aliu#Merolinian|aliu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈæ.li.u] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [muˈri.re] | | [muˈri.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[mourir#Tenibvreth|mourir]]'''''⟫<br />[muˈrir̝] | | ⟪'''''[[mourir#Tenibvreth|mourir]]'''''⟫<br />[muˈrir̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[morir#Eomentesa|morir]]'''''⟫<br />[mo̞ˈrir] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[muril#Merolinian|muril]]'''''⟫<br />[myˈril] | | ⟪'''''[[muril#Merolinian|muril]]'''''⟫<br />[myˈril] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [nasˈcçe.re] | | [nasˈcçe.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[nascer#Tenibvreth|nascer]]'''''⟫<br />[nasˈʨer̝] | | ⟪'''''[[nascer#Tenibvreth|nascer]]'''''⟫<br />[nasˈʨer̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[naxer#Eomentesa|naxer]]'''''⟫<br />[naˈʃe̞r] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[nastsel#Merolinian|nastsel]]'''''⟫<br />[næsˈʦel] | | ⟪'''''[[nastsel#Merolinian|nastsel]]'''''⟫<br />[næsˈʦel] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈɟʝiŋ.klu] | | [ˈɟʝiŋ.klu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[gincl#Tenibvreth|gincl]]'''''⟫<br />[ʥiŋkɬ] | | ⟪'''''[[gincl#Tenibvreth|gincl]]'''''⟫<br />[ʥiŋkɬ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[jinclo#Eomentesa|jinclo]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈʒiŋ.klo̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[zinclu#Merolinian|zinclu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈziŋ.klu] | | ⟪'''''[[zinclu#Merolinian|zinclu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈziŋ.klu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈluŋ.ɡu] | | [ˈluŋ.ɡu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[loung#Tenibvreth|loung]]'''''⟫<br />[luŋɡ] | | ⟪'''''[[loung#Tenibvreth|loung]]'''''⟫<br />[luŋɡ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[longo#Eomentesa|longo]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈlo̞ŋ.ɡo̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[luncu#Merolinian|luncu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈlyŋ.ku] | | ⟪'''''[[luncu#Merolinian|luncu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈlyŋ.ku] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [punˈɟʝe.re] | | [punˈɟʝe.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[punger#Tenibvreth|punger]]'''''⟫<br />[puŋ.ɡʑer̝] | | ⟪'''''[[punger#Tenibvreth|punger]]'''''⟫<br />[puŋ.ɡʑer̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[pundjer#Eomentesa|pundjer]]'''''⟫<br />[punˈʤe̞r] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[pundzel#Merolinian|pundzel]]'''''⟫<br />[pynˈʣel] | | ⟪'''''[[pundzel#Merolinian|pundzel]]'''''⟫<br />[pynˈʣel] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/_{i,e''' | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/_{i,e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [meɲˈɟʝa.re] | | [meɲˈɟʝa.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[mengjar#Tenibvreth|mengjar]]'''''⟫<br />[meŋˈɡʑar̝] | | ⟪'''''[[mengjar#Tenibvreth|mengjar]]'''''⟫<br />[meŋˈɡʑar̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[mandjar#Eomentesa|mandjar]]'''''⟫<br />[manˈʤar] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[mendzal#Merolinian|mendzal]]'''''⟫<br />[menˈʣal] | | ⟪'''''[[mendzal#Merolinian|mendzal]]'''''⟫<br />[menˈʣal] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 577: | Line 577: | ||
| [ˈa.ɲu] | | [ˈa.ɲu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[an’#Tenibvreth|an’]]'''''⟫<br />[aɲ] | | ⟪'''''[[an’#Tenibvreth|an’]]'''''⟫<br />[aɲ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[anio#Eomentesa|anio]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈa.ni.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[aniu#Merolinian|aniu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈæ.ni.u] | | ⟪'''''[[aniu#Merolinian|aniu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈæ.ni.u] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 588: | Line 588: | ||
| [ˈo.stu] | | [ˈo.stu] | ||
| [ˈost] | | [ˈost] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[osto#Eomentesa|osto]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈo̞.sto̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[ustu#Merolinian|ustu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈu.stu] | | ⟪'''''[[ustu#Merolinian|ustu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈu.stu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 599: | Line 599: | ||
| [ˈu.vu] | | [ˈu.vu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[uv#Tenibvreth|ouv]]'''''⟫<br />[uv] | | ⟪'''''[[uv#Tenibvreth|ouv]]'''''⟫<br />[uv] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[ovo#Eomentesa|ovo]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈo̞.vo̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[ubu#Merolinian|ubu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈy.bu] | | ⟪'''''[[ubu#Merolinian|ubu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈy.bu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 610: | Line 610: | ||
| [ˈpe.ʎu] | | [ˈpe.ʎu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[pel’#Tenibvreth|pel’]]'''''⟫<br />[peʎ] | | ⟪'''''[[pel’#Tenibvreth|pel’]]'''''⟫<br />[peʎ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[pelio#Eomentesa|pelio]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpe̞.li.o̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[peliu#Merolinian|peliu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpe.li.u] | | ⟪'''''[[peliu#Merolinian|peliu]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈpe.li.u] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 621: | Line 621: | ||
| [ˈax.ma] | | [ˈax.ma] | ||
| [ˈaχ.mə] | | [ˈaχ.mə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[ahma#Eomentesa|ahma]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈaç.ma] | |||
| [ˈæʀ.ma] | | [ˈæʀ.ma] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Only in borrowings. | |style="text-align: left;"| Only in borrowings. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 632: | Line 632: | ||
| [kwei̯] | | [kwei̯] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[qvei#Tenibvreth|qvei]]'''''⟫<br />[kʋi] | | ⟪'''''[[qvei#Tenibvreth|qvei]]'''''⟫<br />[kʋi] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[cue#Eomentesa|cue]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈku.e̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[qui#Merolinian|qui]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈku.i] | | ⟪'''''[[qui#Merolinian|qui]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈku.i] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 643: | Line 643: | ||
| [riˈde.re] | | [riˈde.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[rider#Tenibvreth|rider]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈðer̝] | | ⟪'''''[[rider#Tenibvreth|rider]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈðer̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[rider#Eomentesa|rider]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈðe̞r] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[ritel#Merolinian|ritel]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈtel] | | ⟪'''''[[ritel#Merolinian|ritel]]'''''⟫<br />[riˈtel] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 654: | Line 654: | ||
| [ˈte.r̝a] | | [ˈte.r̝a] | ||
| [ˈte.r̝ə] | | [ˈte.r̝ə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[teria#Eomentesa|teria]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈte̞.ri.a] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[teria#Merolinian|teria]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈte.ri.a] | | ⟪'''''[[teria#Merolinian|teria]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈte.ri.a] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 665: | Line 665: | ||
| [seˈcça.re] | | [seˈcça.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[secjar#Tenibvreth|secjar]]'''''⟫<br />[seˈʨar̝] | | ⟪'''''[[secjar#Tenibvreth|secjar]]'''''⟫<br />[seˈʨar̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[setxar#Eomentesa|setxar]]'''''⟫<br />[se̞ˈʧar] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[setsal#Merolinian|setsal]]'''''⟫<br />[seˈʦal] | | ⟪'''''[[setsal#Merolinian|setsal]]'''''⟫<br />[seˈʦal] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 675: | Line 675: | ||
| [eˈspu.za] | | [eˈspu.za] | ||
| [eˈspu.zə] | | [eˈspu.zə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[espuza#Eomentesa|espuza]]'''''⟫<br />[e̞ˈspu.za] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[espuza#Merolinian|espuza]]'''''⟫<br />[eˈspy.za] | | ⟪'''''[[espuza#Merolinian|espuza]]'''''⟫<br />[eˈspy.za] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/V_V''' | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/V_V''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 686: | Line 686: | ||
| [ˈɕi] | | [ˈɕi] | ||
| [ɕi] | | [ɕi] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[xi#Eomentesa|xi]]'''''⟫<br />[ʃi] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[si#Merolinian|si]]'''''⟫<br />[si] | | ⟪'''''[[si#Merolinian|si]]'''''⟫<br />[si] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 697: | Line 697: | ||
| [ˈtu.tu] | | [ˈtu.tu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[tuth#Tenibvreth|tuth]]'''''⟫<br />[tuθ] | | ⟪'''''[[tuth#Tenibvreth|tuth]]'''''⟫<br />[tuθ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[tuto#Eomentesa|tuto]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈtu.to̞] | |||
| [ˈty.tu] | | [ˈty.tu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 707: | Line 707: | ||
| /eθ/ | | /eθ/ | ||
| [eθ] | | [eθ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[et’#Merolinian|et’]]'''''⟫<br />[et’] | |||
| [eθ] | | [eθ] | ||
| [e̞θ] | | [e̞θ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
Line 719: | Line 719: | ||
| [ˈse.ʨe] | | [ˈse.ʨe] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[set’#Tenibvreth|set’]]'''''⟫<br />[seʨ] | | ⟪'''''[[set’#Tenibvreth|set’]]'''''⟫<br />[seʨ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[setx#Eomentesa|setx]]'''''⟫<br />[se̞ʧ] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[sets#Merolinian|sets]]'''''⟫<br />[seʦ] | | ⟪'''''[[sets#Merolinian|sets]]'''''⟫<br />[seʦ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈʦiɲ.cçe] | | [ˈʦiɲ.cçe] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[tzinc’#Tenibvreth|tzinc’]]'''''⟫<br />[ʦinʨ] | | ⟪'''''[[tzinc’#Tenibvreth|tzinc’]]'''''⟫<br />[ʦinʨ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[sintx#Eomentesa|sintx]]'''''⟫<br />[sinʧ] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[sints#Merolinian|sints]]'''''⟫<br />[sinʦ] | | ⟪'''''[[sints#Merolinian|sints]]'''''⟫<br />[sinʦ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/#_''' | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/#_''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [piˈʣi.tu] | | [piˈʣi.tu] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[pitzith#Tenibvreth|pitzith]]'''''⟫<br />[piˈʣiθ] | | ⟪'''''[[pitzith#Tenibvreth|pitzith]]'''''⟫<br />[piˈʣiθ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[pedzito#Eomentesa|pedzito]]'''''⟫<br />[pe̞ˈʣi.to̞] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[pidzitu#Merolinian|pidzitu]]'''''⟫<br />[piˈʣi.tu] | | ⟪'''''[[pidzitu#Merolinian|pidzitu]]'''''⟫<br />[piˈʣi.tu] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| '''/S_S''' ('''!/n/_''') | |style="text-align: left;"| '''/S_S''' ('''!/n/_''') | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈuɲ.cçe] | | [ˈuɲ.cçe] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[unc’#Tenibvreth|unc’]]'''''⟫<br />[unʨ] | | ⟪'''''[[unc’#Tenibvreth|unc’]]'''''⟫<br />[unʨ] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[untx#Eomentesa|untx]]'''''⟫<br />[unʧ] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[unts#Merolinian|unts]]'''''⟫<br />[ynʦ] | | ⟪'''''[[unts#Merolinian|unts]]'''''⟫<br />[ynʦ] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 762: | Line 762: | ||
| [lui̯kˈʨa.re] | | [lui̯kˈʨa.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[luictjar#Tenibvreth|luictjar]]'''''⟫<br />[lui̯kˈɕar̝] | | ⟪'''''[[luictjar#Tenibvreth|luictjar]]'''''⟫<br />[lui̯kˈɕar̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[lútxar#Eomentesa|lútxar]]'''''⟫<br />[luːˈʧar] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[lútsal#Merolinian|lútsal]]'''''⟫<br />[luːˈʦal] | | ⟪'''''[[lútsal#Merolinian|lútsal]]'''''⟫<br />[luːˈʦal] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 773: | Line 773: | ||
| [vou̯ˈle.re] | | [vou̯ˈle.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[vuler#Tenibvreth|vuler]]'''''⟫<br />[vuˈler̝] | | ⟪'''''[[vuler#Tenibvreth|vuler]]'''''⟫<br />[vuˈler̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[voler#Eomentesa|voler]]'''''⟫<br />[vo̞ˈle̞r] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[burel#Merolinian|burel]]'''''⟫<br />[buˈrel] | | ⟪'''''[[burel#Merolinian|burel]]'''''⟫<br />[buˈrel] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| | |style="text-align: left;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 784: | Line 784: | ||
| [iˈʎa] | | [iˈʎa] | ||
| [iˈɮa] | | [iˈɮa] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[alià#Eomentesa|alià]]'''''⟫<br />[a.liˈa] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[alià#Merolinian|alià]]'''''⟫<br />[a.liˈa] | | ⟪'''''[[alià#Merolinian|alià]]'''''⟫<br />[a.liˈa] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Indicates unexpected stress. (Eomentesa reform script uses a grave diacritic.) | |style="text-align: left;"| Indicates unexpected stress. (Eomentesa reform script uses a grave diacritic.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [ˈkwa.zi.na] | | [ˈkwa.zi.na] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[qvazjina#Tenibvreth|qvazina]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈkʋa.ʑnə] | | ⟪'''''[[qvazjina#Tenibvreth|qvazina]]'''''⟫<br />[ˈkʋa.ʑnə] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[cuazina#Eomentesa|cuazina]]'''''⟫<br />[kuˈa.zi.na] | |||
| [kuˈa.zi.na] | | [kuˈa.zi.na] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Only in borrowings and the digraph ⟨tz⟩. | |style="text-align: left;"| Only in borrowings and the digraph ⟨tz⟩. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 806: | Line 806: | ||
| [freˈʑi.re] | | [freˈʑi.re] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[frezjir#Tenibvreth|frezjir]]'''''⟫<br />[freˈʑir̝] | | ⟪'''''[[frezjir#Tenibvreth|frezjir]]'''''⟫<br />[freˈʑir̝] | ||
| ⟪'''''[[frejir#Eomentesa|frejir]]'''''⟫<br />[fre̞ˈʒir] | |||
| ⟪'''''[[prezil#Merolinian|prezil]]'''''⟫<br />[preˈzil] | | ⟪'''''[[prezil#Merolinian|prezil]]'''''⟫<br />[preˈzil] | ||
|style="text-align: left;"| Only in borrowings. | |style="text-align: left;"| Only in borrowings. | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 12:34, 6 October 2022
Braereth is a collection of four fairly mutually intelligible dialects. Classical Braereth was a Western Romance language spoken in pockets of mountainous areas from the Alps to the Carpathians until the mid-sixteenth century.
For the purposes of this text, we will mainly use the classical spelling of the language (italicized where applicable, e.g. ginte ‘people’); single brackets around words are indicative of the Eomentesa spelling reform (e.g. ⟨jint⟩ ‘people’). Double-brackets indicate Tenibvreth “slang” spellings (e.g. ⟪gint’⟫ ‘people’. Finally, words rendered in the Merineth dialect are enclosed in curved angle brackets (e.g. ⧼zints⧽ ‘people’), which is not a traditional linguistic distinction, but is indicative of the tails of merfolk. Specific differences in the phonologies of the modern dialects are described under Phonology.
Phonology
There are three major dialects of modern Braereth as well as an “archetypal” form which is official, but no one actually speaks. The archetypal form is based on Classical Braereth, which has a reconstructed phonology that differs slightly from the archetype particularly in the realization of the palatals and the lack of certain hypercorrections.
Archetypal Braereth
Consonants | Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Vowels | Front | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p · b | t · d | k · ɡ | High | i | u | |||
Affricate | · b͡v | ʦ · ʣ | ʧ · ʤ | Mid | e̞ | o̞ | |||
Fricative | f · v | θ · [ð] | s · [(z)] | ʃ · (ʒ) | (x) · | Low | ä | ||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | [ŋ] | Diphthongs | To Front | To Back | ||
Lateral | l | ʎ | High | ui̯ | iu̯ | ||||
Trill | r [ɾ] | r̝ | Mid | ei̯ | eu̯ | ||||
Approximant | w | j | Low | ai̯ | au̯ |
* Characters in square brackets are allophones; they are not phonemic.
* Characters in parentheses only occur in borrowings.
Classical Braereth (Reconstructed)
Consonants | Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Vowels | Front | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p · b | t · d | cç · ɟʝ | k · ɡ | High | i | u | ||
Affricate | · b͡β | ʦ · ʣ | ʨ · ʥ | Mid | e̞ | o̞ | |||
Fricative | ɸ · β | θ · [ð] | s · [(z)] | ɕ · (ʑ) | (x~h) · | Low | a | ||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | [ŋ] | Diphthongs | To Front | To Back | ||
Lateral | l | ʎ | High | ui̯ | iu̯ , ou̯ | ||||
Trill | r [ɾ] | r̝ | Mid | ei̯ | eu̯ | ||||
Approximant | w, ʋ | j | Low | ae̯ | au̯ |
Tenibvreth Dialect
Main article: Tenibvreth (dialect)
The Tenibvreth dialect is marked by a weakening and near-total deletion of final unstressed vowels, a strengthened palatal series, and diverse realizations of the lateral series. A larger amount of the vocabulary is borrowed from Gothic, other Germanic influences, and Slavic languages. For the most part, Tenibvreth is written as standard Braereth, though many words are slightly abbreviated or modified to reflect current pronunciation: mainly omitting the final vowel. When the final vowel is ⟨e⟩ or when the final consonant is palatalized, an apostrophe (⟨’⟩) is used. The exception to this is infinitives of verbs, which always eliminate the final ⟨e⟩ leaving a palatalized ⟨r⟩, but an apostrophe is not used.
Eomentesa Dialect
Main article: Eomentesa (dialect)
The Eomentesa dialect is notable for its lowered (“true”) mid vowels and almost complete loss of the palatal series to unpacking. It has a small number of borrowings from Celtic sources not shared with the other dialects. Some speakers still use the Classical orthography, but a recent spelling reform has been adopted by most speakers of the Eomentesa dialect, and many words bear little resemblance to their Braereth forebears (e.g. tzeiru ‘zero’ becomes Eomentesa sero.
Merineth Dialect
Main article: Merineth (dialect)
The Merineth dialect is the furthest removed of the dialects from Classical Braereth. It has no palatal sounds whatsoever, and contains a number of liquids that appear seemingly spontaneously around certain clusters. Consonant clusters are all but eliminated, and diphthongs are broken up by an insertive ⟨l⟩ or ⟨r⟩. There is a merging of voiced and unvoiced consonants, as well as fortition of certain fricatives into stops. The vowels ⟨e⟩and ⟨o⟩ do not exist in Merineth, and are usually raised to ⟨i⟩ and ⟨u⟩, respectively, or sometimes lowered to ⟨a⟩. The Merineth do not have a formal written language, and usually use the Classical spelling, though some have adopted the Eomentesa spelling reform, as it is a little closer than Classican Braereth to how Merineth is actually pronounced, though there are still vast differences.
Orthographic and Phonemic Mapping
While all dialects of Braereth may be written in the classical orthography, there is also a reform spelling of Eomentesa, presented here in angled-brackets (⟪ ⟫) in the Eom. column where the spelling differs from the traditional. Tenibvreth is written in the classical orthography, though final vowels are often elided, and certain folk spellings have become common where pronunciation has changed, e.g. ⟪floura⟫ for flora, or substituting ⟨qv⟩ for ⟨qu⟩ (ecquilju → ⟪ecqvilj⟫) or ⟨i⟩ for ⟨ei⟩ (treice → ⟪tric’⟫). When final vowels are dropped, final ⟨e⟩ will often become ⟨’⟩ to indicate palatalization (grande → ⟪grand’⟫), and sometimes final ⟨tu⟩ will be changed to ⟨th⟩ (tutu → ⟪tuth⟫).
Orth. | Phn. | Description | Example | Official | Classical | Tenibvreth | Eomentesa | Merineth | Environment/Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | /a/ | as in father. | ath ‘to’ |
/aθ/ | [aθ] | [aθ] | [aθ] | [at’] | |
ae | /ai̯/ | like ⟨i⟩ in side. | laectje ‘milk’ |
/ˈlai̯k.ʧe/ | [ˈlae̯c.ʨe] | ⟪laect’⟫ [lai̯kɕ] |
⟪létx⟫ [le̞ːʧ] |
⟪larits⟫ [laˈrits] |
In Merolinian, /l/ is inserted between the vowels of earlier diphthongs. If /l/ is already present in an adjacent syllable, /r/ is inserted instead. If both /l/ and /r/ are present, things get weird. |
aou | /au̯/ | like ⟨ow⟩ in how. | saou ‘salt’ |
/sau̯/ | [sau̯] | [sau̯] | ⟪sao⟫ [sa.o̞] |
⟪salu⟫ [ˈsæ.lu] |
Only occurs word-finally in stressed monosyllabic words. See additional notes at ⟨ae⟩. |
au | /au̯/ | like ⟨ou⟩ in round. | aubvru ‘tree’ |
/ˈau̯.vru/ | [ˈau̯.bβru] | ⟪aubvr⟫ [au̯vʀ] |
⟪auvro⟫ [ˈau.vro̞] |
⟪alubru⟫ [ˈæ.lu.bru] |
See notes at ⟨ae⟩. |
b | /b/ | as in bet. | baclu ‘stick’ |
/ˈbak.lu/ | [ˈbak.lu] | ⟪bacl⟫ [bakɬ] |
⟪baclo⟫ [ˈba.klo̞] |
⟪paclu⟫ [ˈpæk.lu] |
|
bv | /bv/ | like ⟨v⟩ in very. | ribveu ‘level’ |
/riˈveu̯/ | [ri.bβeu̯] | [riˈveu̯] | ⟪reveo⟫ [re̞ˈve̞.o̞] |
⟪ribelu⟫ [riˈbe.lu] |
Only occurs word-internally. |
c | /k/ | as cat. | couru ‘heart’ |
/ˈku.ru/ | [ˈkou̯.ru] | ⟪cour⟫ [kuʀ] |
⟪coro⟫ [ˈko̞.ro̞] |
[ˈky.ru] | |
/ʧ/ | like ⟨ch⟩ in chair. | dicere ‘to say’ |
/diˈʧe.re/ | [diˈcçe.re] | ⟪dicer⟫ [diˈʨer̝] |
⟪ditxer⟫ [diˈʧe̞r] |
⟪titsel⟫ [tiˈʦel] |
/_{i,e | |
cj | /ʧ/ | like ⟨ch⟩ in cheese. | radjicja ‘root’ |
/raˈʤi.ʧa/ | [raˈʥi.cça] | [raˈʥi.ʨə] | ⟪radjitxa⟫ [raˈʤi.ʧa] |
⟪radzitsa⟫ [ræˈʣi.ʦa] |
|
ctj | /kʧ/ | like ⟨cti⟩ in action. | fruictju ‘fruit’ |
/ˈfrui̯k.ʧu/ | [ˈfrui̯c.ʨu] | ⟪fruict’⟫ [frui̯kɕ] |
⟪frútxo⟫ [fruːʧo̞] |
⟪prútsu⟫ [ˈpruː.ʦu] |
|
d | /d/ | as in door. | dente ‘tooth’ |
/ˈden.te/ | [ˈden.te] | ⟪dent’⟫ [denʨ] |
⟪dent⟫ [de̞nt] |
⟪tents⟫ [tenʦ] |
|
/ð/ | like ⟨th⟩ in other. | cjaudu ‘hot’ |
/ˈʧau̯.ðu/ | [ˈcçau̯.ðu] | ⟪cjaud⟫ [ʨau̯ð] |
⟪xaudo⟫ [ʃau̯.ðo̞] |
⟪salutu⟫ [ˈsæ.lu.tu] |
/S_S | |
dj | /ʤ/ | like ⟨dg⟩ in edge. | codjax ‘poppy’ |
/koˈʤa/ | [koˈʥa] | [koˈʥa] | ⟪codjà⟫ [ko̞ˈʤa] |
⟪codzà⟫ [koˈʣæ] |
|
e | /e/ | like ⟨é⟩ in French été. | estelja ‘star’ |
/eˈste.ʎa/ | [eˈste.ʎa] | [eˈste.ɮə] | ⟪estelia⟫ [e̞ˈste̞.li.a] |
⟪estrelia⟫ [eˈstɾe.li.a] |
|
ei | /i/ | as in weird. | deice ‘ten’ |
/ˈdei̯.ʧe/ | [ˈdei̯.cçe] | ⟪deic’⟫ [diʨ] |
⟪détx⟫ [de̞ːʧ] |
⟪tírts⟫ [tiːrʦ] |
|
eou | /eu̯/ | like ⟨ell⟩ in bell with a Cockney accent. | beou ‘beautiful’ |
/ˈbeu̯/ | [beu̯] | [beu̯] | ⟪beo⟫ [ˈbe̞.o̞] |
⟪pelu⟫ [ˈpe.lu] |
Only occurs word-finally in unstressed monosyllabic words. |
eu | /eu̯/ | like ⟨ew⟩ in Welsh ewro. | seuva ‘forest’ |
/ˈseu̯.va/ | [ˈseu̯.va] | ⟪seluba⟫ [ˈse.lu.ba] |
[ˈseu̯və] | [ˈse̞u̯.va] | |
f | /f/ | as in four. | folja ‘leaf’ |
/ˈfo.ʎa/ | [ˈfo.ʎa] | [ˈfo.ɮə] | ⟪folia⟫ [ˈfo̞.li.a] |
⟪polia⟫ [ˈpo.li.a] |
|
g | /ɡ/ | as in gift. | grostu ‘thick’ |
/ˈɡro.stu/ | [ˈɡro.stu] | ⟪grost⟫ [ˈɡrost] |
⟪grosto⟫ [ˈɡro̞s.to̞] |
⟪crostu⟫ [ˈkro.stu] |
|
/ʤ/ | as in gel. | tragere ‘to pull’ |
/tɾaˈʤe.re/ | [tɾaˈɟʝe.re] | ⟪trager⟫ [tɾaˈʥer̝] |
⟪tradjer⟫ [tɾaˈʤe̞r] |
⟪tradzel⟫ [tɾaˈʣel] |
/_{i,e | |
gj | /ʤ/ | like ⟨j⟩ in joke. | obligjare ‘to compel’ |
/o.bliˈʤa.re/ | [o.bliˈɟʝa.re] | ⟪obligjar⟫ [o.bliˈʥar̝] |
⟪oblidjar⟫ [o̞b.liˈʤar] |
⟪oplidzal⟫ [o.pliˈʣal] |
|
gn | /ŋn/ | like ⟨ngn⟩ in hangnail. | magnu ‘great’ |
/ˈmaŋ.nu/ | [ˈmaŋ.nu] | ⟪magn⟫ [maŋn] |
⟪mangano⟫ [ˈmaŋ.ɡa.no̞] |
⟪manclu⟫ [ˈmæŋ.klu] |
|
gnj | /ŋɲ/ | like ⟨ng⟩ followed by ⟨ny⟩, like telling Russians not to sing: sing nyet! | ignju ‘fire |
/ˈiŋ.ɲu/ | [ˈiŋ.ɲu] | ⟪ign’⟫ [iŋɲ] |
⟪inio⟫ [ˈi.ni.o̞] |
⟪incliu⟫ [ˈiŋ.kli.u] |
|
i | /i/ | as in machine. | iljis ‘they’ |
/ˈi.ʎis/ | [ˈi.ʎis] | [ˈi.ɮis] | ⟪ilis⟫ [ˈi.lis] |
⟪ilis⟫ [ˈi.lis] |
|
/j/ | like ⟨y⟩ in yet. | iecru ‘liver’ |
/ˈje.kru/ | [ˈje.kru] | ⟪iecr⟫ [jekʀ] |
⟪iecro⟫ [iˈe̞.kro̞] |
[iˈe.kru] | /_V (!_/u/) | |
iu | /iu̯/ | like ⟨ee you⟩ in ssee you. | fluviu ‘river’ |
/ˈflu.viw/ | [ˈflu.viu̯] | [ˈfɬu.viu̯] | ⟪fluvio⟫ [ˈflu.vi.o̞] |
⟪plubiu⟫ [ˈply.bi.u] |
|
l | /l/ | as in lucky. | lapide ‘stone’ |
/ˈla.pi.ðe/ | [ˈla.pi.ðe] | ⟪lapid’⟫ [lap] |
⟪lapid⟫ [lap] |
⟪lapits⟫ [læp] |
|
lj | /ʎ/ | like ⟨gl⟩ in Italian dagli. | alju ‘other’ |
/ˈa.ʎis/ | [ˈa.ʎis] | [ˈa.ɮis] | ⟪alio⟫ [ˈa.li.o̞] |
⟪aliu⟫ [ˈæ.li.u] |
|
m | /m/ | as in mill. | moulire ‘to die’ |
/muˈri.re/ | [muˈri.re] | ⟪mourir⟫ [muˈrir̝] |
⟪morir⟫ [mo̞ˈrir] |
⟪muril⟫ [myˈril] |
|
n | /n/ | as in net. | nascere ‘to be born’ |
/nasˈʧe.re/ | [nasˈcçe.re] | ⟪nascer⟫ [nasˈʨer̝] |
⟪naxer⟫ [naˈʃe̞r] |
⟪nastsel⟫ [næsˈʦel] |
|
nc | /ŋk/ | like ⟨nk⟩ in tank. | ginclu ‘knee’ |
/ˈʤiŋ.klu/ | [ˈɟʝiŋ.klu] | ⟪gincl⟫ [ʥiŋkɬ] |
⟪jinclo⟫ [ˈʒiŋ.klo̞] |
⟪zinclu⟫ [ˈziŋ.klu] |
|
ng | /ŋɡ/ | like ⟨ng⟩ in finger. | loungu ‘long’ |
/ˈluŋ.ɡu/ | [ˈluŋ.ɡu] | ⟪loung⟫ [luŋɡ] |
⟪longo⟫ [ˈlo̞ŋ.ɡo̞] |
⟪luncu⟫ [ˈlyŋ.ku] |
|
/nʤ/ | like ⟨ng⟩ in ginger. | pungere ‘to stab’ |
/punˈʤe.re/ | [punˈɟʝe.re] | ⟪punger⟫ [puŋ.ɡʑer̝] |
⟪pundjer⟫ [punˈʤe̞r] |
⟪pundzel⟫ [pynˈʣel] |
/_{i,e | |
ngj | /nʤ/ | like ⟨ng j⟩ in canning jar. | mengjare ‘to eat’ |
/meɲˈʤa.re/ | [meɲˈɟʝa.re] | ⟪mengjar⟫ [meŋˈɡʑar̝] |
⟪mandjar⟫ [manˈʤar] |
⟪mendzal⟫ [menˈʣal] |
|
nj | /ɲ/ | like ⟨ni⟩ in onion. | anju ‘year’ |
/ˈa.ɲu/ | [ˈa.ɲu] | ⟪an’⟫ [aɲ] |
⟪anio⟫ [ˈa.ni.o̞] |
⟪aniu⟫ [ˈæ.ni.u] |
|
o | /o/ | as in old. | ostu ‘bone’ |
/ˈo.stu/ | [ˈo.stu] | [ˈost] | ⟪osto⟫ [ˈo̞.sto̞] |
⟪ustu⟫ [ˈu.stu] |
|
ou | /ou̯/ | like ⟨oo⟩ in soon. | ouvu ‘egg’ |
/ˈu.vu/ | [ˈu.vu] | ⟪ouv⟫ [uv] |
⟪ovo⟫ [ˈo̞.vo̞] |
⟪ubu⟫ [ˈy.bu] |
|
p | /p/ | as in pine. | pelju ‘hair’ |
/ˈpe.ʎu/ | [ˈpe.ʎu] | ⟪pel’⟫ [peʎ] |
⟪pelio⟫ [ˈpe̞.li.o̞] |
⟪peliu⟫ [ˈpe.li.u] |
|
qh | /x/ | like ⟨ch⟩ in Scottish loch. | aqhma ‘life force’ |
/ˈax.ma/ | [ˈax.ma] | [ˈaχ.mə] | ⟪ahma⟫ [ˈaç.ma] |
[ˈæʀ.ma] | Only in borrowings. |
qu | /kw/ | as in quiz. | quei ‘what’ |
/kwei̯/ | [kwei̯] | ⟪qvei⟫ [kʋi] |
⟪cue⟫ [ˈku.e̞] |
⟪qui⟫ [ˈku.i] |
|
r | /r/ | as in Spanish rojo. | ridere ‘to laugh’ |
/riˈde.re/ | [riˈde.re] | ⟪rider⟫ [riˈðer̝] |
⟪rider⟫ [riˈðe̞r] |
⟪ritel⟫ [riˈtel] |
|
rj | /r̝/ | like ⟨ř⟩ in Czech Dvořak. | terja ‘earth’ |
/ˈte.r̝a/ | [ˈte.r̝a] | [ˈte.r̝ə] | ⟪teria⟫ [ˈte̞.ri.a] |
⟪teria⟫ [ˈte.ri.a] |
|
s | /s/ | as in ssee. | secjare ‘to cut’ |
/seˈʧa.re/ | [seˈcça.re] | ⟪secjar⟫ [seˈʨar̝] |
⟪setxar⟫ [se̞ˈʧar] |
⟪setsal⟫ [seˈʦal] |
|
/s/ | as in rose. | espousa ‘wife’ |
/eˈspu.za/ | [eˈspu.za] | [eˈspu.zə] | ⟪espuza⟫ [e̞ˈspu.za] |
⟪espuza⟫ [eˈspy.za] |
/V_V | |
sj | /ʃ/ | like ⟨sh⟩ in shoe. | sji ‘yes’ |
/ˈʃi/ | [ˈɕi] | [ɕi] | ⟪xi⟫ [ʃi] |
⟪si⟫ [si] |
|
t | /t/ | as in tall. | tutu ‘all’ |
/ˈtu.tu/ | [ˈtu.tu] | ⟪tuth⟫ [tuθ] |
⟪tuto⟫ [ˈtu.to̞] |
[ˈty.tu] | |
th | /θ/ | as in path. | eth ‘and’ |
/eθ/ | [eθ] | ⟪et’⟫ [et’] |
[eθ] | [e̞θ] | |
tj | /ʧ/ | like ⟨ch⟩ in church. | setje ‘seven’ |
/ˈse.ʧe/ | [ˈse.ʨe] | ⟪set’⟫ [seʨ] |
⟪setx⟫ [se̞ʧ] |
⟪sets⟫ [seʦ] |
|
tz | /ʦ/ | like ⟨ts⟩ in cats. | tzince ‘five’ |
/ˈʦin.ʧe/ | [ˈʦiɲ.cçe] | ⟪tzinc’⟫ [ʦinʨ] |
⟪sintx⟫ [sinʧ] |
⟪sints⟫ [sinʦ] |
/#_ |
/ʣ/ | like ⟨ds⟩ in words. | pitzitu ‘small’ |
/piˈʣi.tu/ | [piˈʣi.tu] | ⟪pitzith⟫ [piˈʣiθ] |
⟪pedzito⟫ [pe̞ˈʣi.to̞] |
⟪pidzitu⟫ [piˈʣi.tu] |
/S_S (!/n/_) | |
u | /u/ | like ⟨oo⟩ in room. | unce ‘eleven’ |
/ˈun.ʧe/ | [ˈuɲ.cçe] | ⟪unc’⟫ [unʨ] |
⟪untx⟫ [unʧ] |
⟪unts⟫ [ynʦ] |
|
ui | /uj/ | like ⟨uy⟩ in Spanish muy. | luictjare ‘to fight’ |
/lujkˈʧa.re/ | [lui̯kˈʨa.re] | ⟪luictjar⟫ [lui̯kˈɕar̝] |
⟪lútxar⟫ [luːˈʧar] |
⟪lútsal⟫ [luːˈʦal] |
|
v | /v/ | as in voice. | voulere ‘to want’ |
/vuˈle.re/ | [vou̯ˈle.re] | ⟪vuler⟫ [vuˈler̝] |
⟪voler⟫ [vo̞ˈle̞r] |
⟪burel⟫ [buˈrel] |
|
x | /ˈ/ | iljax ‘there’ |
/iˈʎa/ | [iˈʎa] | [iˈɮa] | ⟪alià⟫ [a.liˈa] |
⟪alià⟫ [a.liˈa] |
Indicates unexpected stress. (Eomentesa reform script uses a grave diacritic.) | |
z | /z/ | like ⟨z⟩ in zoo. | quazina ‘quiver (of arrows)’ |
/ˈkwa.zi.na/ | [ˈkwa.zi.na] | ⟪qvazina⟫ [ˈkʋa.ʑnə] |
⟪cuazina⟫ [kuˈa.zi.na] |
[kuˈa.zi.na] | Only in borrowings and the digraph ⟨tz⟩. |
zj | /ʒ/ | like ⟨j⟩ in French jamais. | frezjire ‘to deceive' |
/freˈʒi.re/ | [freˈʑi.re] | ⟪frezjir⟫ [freˈʑir̝] |
⟪frejir⟫ [fre̞ˈʒir] |
⟪prezil⟫ [preˈzil] |
Only in borrowings. |
Pronouns
Nominative (subject) |
Genitive (possessive) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Accusative (direct object) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1sg | eou I |
meu* my |
mei (to) me |
me, m’** me |
2sg | tu you, thou |
teu* your, thy |
tei (to) you, to thee |
te, t’** you, thee |
3sg.masc | ilju he |
seu* his, her |
lei (to) him |
le, l’** him |
3sg.fem | ilja she |
lae (to) her |
la, l’** her | |
3sg.refl | - | sei (to) himself, to herself |
se, s’** himself, herself | |
1pl | nous(autris) we |
noustru* our |
nous (to) us |
ne, n’** us |
2pl | vous(autris) you (all) |
voustru* your |
vous (to) you (all) |
ve, v’** you (all) |
3pl.masc | iljis they |
louru* their |
lour (to) them |
ljis them |
3pl.fem | iljes they |
ljes them |
* Declines for gender and number (click for additional forms).
** Form used before a vowel.
Determiners
Articles
The Definite Article
Sing. | Sing. (_V) | Plur. | |
---|---|---|---|
Masculine | lu lu lapide ‘the stone’ |
l’ l’acelju ‘the bird’ |
lis lis viris ‘the men’ |
Feminine | la la mage ‘the witch’ |
l’ l’estelja ‘the star’ |
les les muljeres ‘the women’ |
The Indefinite Article
Sing. | Sing. (_V) | Plur. | |
---|---|---|---|
Masculine | un un lapide ‘a stone’ |
n’ n’acelju ‘a bird’ |
unis unis viris ‘some men’ |
Feminine | una una mage ‘a witch’ |
n’ n’estelja ‘a star’ |
unes unes muljeres ‘some women’ |
Numerals
The “teen” numbers (11-19) are highly irregular. In Classical Braereth, these all ended with ‑dice, which in the modern languages has been contracted to ‑ce.
While ⟨vinctjeth-uictjou⟩ is the literary standard, none of the dialects actually uses this form: Classical Braereth used an older form ⟨vinctje-eth-uictjou⟩ where the conjunction had not been assimilated into the first element; Tenibvreth does not retain the –th of the conjunction because uictjou begins with a consonant sound (it is sometimes written as ⟨vinctje-victjou⟩); Eomentesa’s reform orthography spells it as ⟨vintx-eth-útxo⟩.
tzeiru | 0 | deice | (archaic) | 10 | vinctje | 20 | tzeiru | 0 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unu | 1 | unce | undice | 11 | vinctjeth-un | 21 | deice | 10 | |
dous | 2 | douce | doudice | 12 | vinctje-dous | 22 | vinctje | 20 | |
treis | 3 | treice | treidice | 13 | vinctje-treis | 23 | treinctje | 30 | |
quatru | 4 | quarce | quardice | 14 | vinctje-quatru | 24 | quarante | 40 | |
tzince | 5 | quince | quindice | 15 | vinctje-tzince | 25 | quintzante | 50 | |
seis | 6 | seice | seidice | 16 | vinctje-seis | 26 | sesante | 60 | |
setje | 7 | setece | setedice | 17 | vinctje-setje | 27 | setante | 70 | |
uictjou | 8 | uictoce | uictodice | 18 | vinctjeth-uictjou | 28 | uictante | 80 | |
nouve | 9 | nouce | nouvedice | 19 | vinctje-nouve | 29 | nounante | 90 |
Adjectives
Adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
An unusual development in Braereth, compared to other Romance languages, is the development of participles to have a gendered adjectival form (which is normal) as well as a non-gendered form used exlusively with compound verbs (which is not).
For example, facere ‘to do’ has the past participle faectje ‘done’, used in verb phrases such as L’aou faectje, ‘I have done it’, but Mis deveris soun faectjis, ‘My chores are done’, (with a masculine plural ending). Almost without exception, the uninflected form ends in –e, while the inflected forms take the standard masculine, feminine, singular, and plural endings –u, –a, –is, and –es.