Swadesh/Europic Family
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No.
English
Europic
(
Yevropicu
)
Vulgar European
(
Ivropicu
)
Rupesh
(
Ivropich
)
Arxippian
(
Rupec
)
Classical Xian
('
)
Ox-Yew
(
Adzaay
)
001
I
mu
mu
-emj
,
-m
,
mû
-em
,
-m
—
kam
002
you (
singular
)
tu
tu
-etj
,
-th
,
tû
-etš
,
-þ
—
tum
003a
he, she (
animate
)
ru
ru
-erj
,
-rh
,
rû
-eř
,
-ʀ
—
pim
003b
it (
inanimate
)
su
su
-esj
,
-sh
,
hû
-eš
,
-š
—
pim
004a
we (
inclusive
)
mu-tu
,
mutu-ya
mutu
,
mutui
-emetj
,
-muth
,
muth
,
mutui
-emetš
,
-muþ
—
katum
004b
we (
exclusive
)
mu-ya
mui
-emi
,
-mi
,
mui
-emi
,
-mi
—
kapim
005
you (
plural
)
tu-ya
tui
-eti
,
-ti
,
tui
-eti
,
-ti
—
tutum
,
tupim
006a
they (
animate
)
ru-ya
rui
-eri
,
-ri
,
rui
-eri
,
-ri
—
pipim
,
pipit
,
pipib
006b
they (
inanimate
)
su-ya
sui
ezi
,
-zi
,
hui
ezi
,
-zi
—
pipim
,
pipit
,
pipib
007
this
tci-la
tcila
chil
,
chiu
hil
—
kat
,
kab
008
that
li-la
lila
[[]]
[[]]
—
tut
,
tub
009
here
tci-laro
tcilaro
chilaora
hilèř
—
kan
010
there
li-laro
lilaro
rilaora
lirèʎ
—
tun
011
who
kwaru
kwaru
kwaorh
kwòʀ
—
quim
012
what
kwasu
kwasu
kwaosh
kwòš
—
quit
,
quib
013
where
kwaro
kwaro
kwaora
kwèř
—
quin
014
when
kwano
kwano
kwaona
kwòna
—
quid
015
how
kwamo
kwano
kwaoma
kwèʎ
—
quig
016
not
ne
ne
ne
,
nê
ne
—
jai
017
all
pa
pa
pa
,
pâ
pa
—
tuul
018
many
gra
gra
gra
,
grâ
muj
—
pauc
019
some
nwa
nwa
nua
hwa
—
mlaiv
020
few
fla
fla
fla
,
flâ
pok
—
mav
021
other
dra
dra
dra
,
drâ
dra
—
pil
022
one
yuna
ina
in
in
—
kai
023
two
duwa
dua
dû
dû
—
tra
024
three
triya
tria
trî
trî
—
qu
025
four
tcera
tcera
char
har
—
ci
026a
five
penta
penta
pint
pįt
—
wau
026b
six
seca
seca
sjech
šeh
—
faa
026c
seven
siba
siba
chibh
hiv
—
nui
026d
eight
voka
voka
vokh
vox
—
aax
026e
nine
nuva
nua
nû
nû
—
ya
026f
ten
deka
tina
ten
ten
—
traz
026g
eleven
deka-yuna
lonza
lonz
lǫz
—
traya
026h
twelve
deka-duwa
deka
djekh
džex
—
qucih
026i
hundred
kenta
kenta
kjint
kšįt
—
lif
026j
thousand
mila
kila
kjilh
kšiɮ
—
duual
027
big
megla
megla
megla
megla
—
duuam
028
long
longa
longa
lung
luŋ
—
fuuw
029
wide
lardja
lardja
lâq
lâɣ
—
draib
030
thick
grasa
grasa
graz
graz
—
kit
031
heavy
teja
teja
tjê
tšê
—
paux
032
small
mika
mika
mik
mik
—
kil
033
short
korta
korta
kôt
kôt
—
plav
034
narrow
trenga
trenga
tring
trig
—
qin
035
thin
tana
tana
tan
tan
—
kin
036
woman
djenu
djenu
jeonh
jewŋ
—
—
037
man (
adult male
)
vorju
vorju
vôe
voj
—
gril
038
man (
human being
)
djentu
djentu
jint
jįt
—
ram
039
child
kindu
kindu
kjuind
tšujn
—
—
040
wife
camu
,
caminu
camu
,
caminu
chaomh
,
chaminh
hamiŋ
,
hòm
—
—
041
husband
camu
,
camotcu
camu
,
camotcu
chaomh
,
chamoch
hòm
—
—
042
mother
vatru
,
vatrinu
vatru
,
vatrinu
,
matru
vatr
,
vatrinh
,
matr
matʀ
,
vatriŋ
—
ammaa
043
father
vatru
,
vatrotcu
vatru
,
vatrotcu
,
patru
vatr
,
vatroch
,
patr
patʀ
,
vatroh
—
addaa
044
animal
djuru
djuru
jorh
joʀ
—
—
045
fish
picu
picu
piuch
piwh
—
—
046
bird
tcelu
tcelu
cheolh
hewɮ
—
—
047
dog
kanu
kanu
kaonh
kòŋ
—
—
048
louse
spicu
spicu
spiuch
spiwh
—
htikk
049
snake
nadru
nadru
nadhr
naðʀ
—
—
050
worm
vremu
vremu
freomh
frewm
—
—
051
tree
daru
daru
daorh
dòr
—
—
052
forest
silvu
silvu
,
drombu
hiuvh
,
drumb
hjû
,
drum
—
—
053
stick
bastu
bastu
basht
bašt
—
—
054
fruit
frutu
frutu
thruth
þruþ
—
—
055
seed
semu
semu
sjeomh
šewm
—
—
056
leaf
floju
floju
thloe
þloj
—
—
057
root
fradju
fradju
thraoqh
þròɣ
—
—
058
bark (
of a tree
)
krosku
krosku
kroshk
krošk
—
stak
059
flower
floru
floru
thlorh
þloʀ
—
paufk
060
grass
trebu
trebu
treobh
trewv
—
—
061
rope
kordu
kordu
kôd
kôd
—
—
062
skin
pelu
pelu
peolh
pewɮ
—
stak
063
meat
klagru
klagru
klagr
klagʀ
—
mlif
064
blood
krudu
krudu
haong
hòŋ
—
tluug
065
bone
kostu
kostu
kosht
košt
—
vaup
066
fat (
noun
)
grastu
grastu
grasht
grašt
—
spauv
067
egg
wovu
wovu
wov
vô
—
—
068
horn
kronu
kronu
kronh
kroŋ
—
nruh
069
tail
taglu
taglu
tagl
tagɮ
—
raip
070
feather
penu
penu
peonh
pewŋ
—
plif
071
hair (
on head
)
kaplu
kaplu
kapl
kapɮ
—
cift
072
head
klopu
klopu
kloph
klof
—
pak
073
ear
kloru
kloru
klorh
kloʀ
—
hauf
074
eye
vidu
vidu
vuidh
vwið
—
bzir
075
nose
nazu
nazu
naozh
nòž
—
niz
076
mouth
bustu
bustu
busht
bušt
—
nam
077
tooth
dentu
dentu
djint
džįt
—
kant
078
tongue (
organ
)
dengu
dengu
djing
džiŋ
—
niium
079
fingernail
noglu
noglu
nogl
nogɮ
—
glavk
080
foot
podu
podu
podh
poð
—
tup
081
leg
nogu
nogu
nogh
noɣ
—
glair
082
knee
klenu
klenu
kleonh
klewŋ
—
niuk
083
hand
manku
manku
maonk
mǫ̀k
—
dan
084
wing
vringlu
vringlu
fringl
frįgɮ
—
viw
085
belly
bruku
bruku
brukh
brux
—
truvk
086
guts, entrails
drisku
drisku
drishk
drišk
—
gaac
087
neck
vralu
vralu
fraolh
fròɮ
—
klin
088
back
droku
droku
drokh
drox
—
dac
089
breast
mambru
mambru
maombr
mǫ̀bʀ
—
stiq
090
heart
skartu
skartu
ishkât
iškât
—
trah
091
liver
yekru
yekru
ekr
ekʀ
—
riv
092
to drink
bevoke
beve
bevokj
,
bevj
bevokš
,
bev
—
—
093
to eat
mandjoke
mandje
manqhokj
,
maonqhj
mąɣokš
,
mǫ̀ɣ
—
—
094
to bite
kroste
kroste
krostj
krošt
—
—
095
to suck
suke
suke
hiukj
hiwkš
—
—
096
to spit
spuke
spuke
spiukj
spiwkš
—
—
097
to vomit
vome
vome
veomj
vewm
—
—
098
to blow
blase
blase
bleasj
blèš
—
—
099
to breathe
hale
hale
ealj
èʎ
—
—
100
to laugh
likre
likre
likrj
likř
—
—
101
to see
vide
vide
vidj
vidž
—
iiftai
,
bzirai
102
to hear
klore
klore
kleorj
klewř
—
haufai
103
to know
save
,
swe
save
,
swe
heavj
hèv
—
—
104
to think
tenge
tenge
tjingj
tšįgž
—
—
105
to smell
naze
naze
sjintj
šįtš
—
nizai
106
to fear
fobye
fobye
feobi
fewbi
—
—
107
to sleep
drome
drome
dreomj
drewm
—
—
108
to live
byuve
,
bye
byuve
,
bye
bjiuvj
bjiwv
—
—
109
to die
morte
morte
môtj
môtš
—
—
110
to kill
mortede
mortede
môtjedj
môtšedž
—
—
111
to fight
vike
vike
vikj
vikš
—
—
112
to hunt
yage
yage
eagj
ègž
—
—
113
to hit
hite
,
hye
hite
,
hye
itj
itš
—
xayai
114
to cut
kupe
kupe
kiupj
kiwp
—
—
115
to split
skite
skite
skjitj
škitš
—
—
116
to stab
pundje
pundje
paunqhj
pawŋ
—
—
117
to scratch
krape
krape
kreapj
krèp
—
—
118
to dig
trentce
trentce
trinchj
trįh
—
—
119
to swim
nave
nave
neavj
nèv
—
—
120
to fly
flente
flente
thlintj
þlįtš
—
—
121
to walk
podeye
podeye
podjê
podžê
—
tupua
122
to come
kweme
,
kwe
kweme
,
kwe
kwemj
kwem
—
—
123
to lie (
down
)
ledje
ledje
leqhj
leɣ
—
—
124
to sit
sede
sede
sedj
sedž
—
—
125
to stand
stante
,
ste
stante
,
ste
staontj
stǫ̀tš
—
—
126
to turn (
intransitive
)
verte
,
ve
verte
,
ve
vêtj
vêtš
—
—
127
to fall
kade
kade
keadj
kèdž
—
—
128
to give
gane
,
ge
gane
,
ge
geanj
gèň
—
—
129
to hold
tene
,
te
tene
,
te
tjenj
tšeň
—
trazai
130
to squeeze
prese
prese
presj
preš
—
—
131
to rub
frike
frike
thrikj
þrikš
—
—
132
to wash
lave
lave
leavj
lèv
—
—
133
to wipe
terdje
terdje
tjêqhj
tšêɣ
—
—
134
to pull
tire
tire
tjirj
tšiř
—
—
135
to push
spindje
spindje
spuinqhj
spwįɣ
—
—
136
to throw
verpe
,
we
verpe
,
we
wêpj
wêp
—
—
137
to tie
fetre
fetre
fetrj
fetř
—
—
138
to sew
kunse
kunse
kaunsj
kawntš
—
—
139
to count
konte
konte
kuntj
kųtš
—
—
140
to say
dike
dike
djikj
džikš
—
—
141
to sing
kante
kante
kaontj
kòntš
—
—
142
to play
djuke
djuke
jiukj
jiwkš
—
—
143
to float
flote
flote
thleotj
þlewtš
—
—
144
to flow
fluwe
flue
thliû
þliû
—
—
145
to freeze
djele
djele
jeʎ
jeʎ
—
—
146
to swell
vaske
vaske
vaskj
vašk
—
—
147
sun
solu
solu
solh
soɮ
—
diuh
148
moon
lunu
lunu
lunh
luŋ
—
ruum
149
star
stelu
stelu
istjeolh
ištšewɮ
—
dlin
150
water
vakwu
vakwu
vaoku
vòku
—
raam
151
rain
pluvu
pluvu
,
pluu
pluv
plû
—
kiiuf
152
river
rivu
rivu
,
riu
ruiv
rujv
—
—
153
lake
laku
laku
laokh
lòx
—
—
154
sea
maru
maru
maorh
mòʀ
—
—
155
salt
saltu
saltu
haut
hawt
—
—
156
stone
kamu
kamu
kaomh
kòm
—
—
157
sand
sablu
sablu
habl
habɮ
—
—
158
dust
pulvu
pulvu
pûv
pûv
—
—
159
earth
muldu
muldu
mûd
mûd
—
—
160
cloud
nimbu
nimbu
nuimb
nujm
—
—
161
fog
nebu
nebu
neobh
newv
—
—
162
sky
kyelu
kyelu
kjeolh
kšewɮ
—
—
163
wind
ventu
ventu
vint
vįt
—
—
164
snow
negwu
negwu
neogu
newgu
—
fiif
165
ice
gledu
gledu
gleodh
glewð
—
fiuh
166
smoke
dumu
dumu
dumh
dum
—
—
167
fire
fuku
fuku
fukh
fux
—
—
168
ash
pelku
pelku
peok
pewk
—
—
169
to burn
brende
brende
brindj
brįdž
—
—
170
road, path, way
vigu
vigu
vuigh
vujɣ
—
—
171
mountain
montu
montu
munt
mųt
—
—
172
red
roda
roda
rodh
roð
—
zaut
173
green
grena
grena
gren
gren
—
gluuir
174
yellow
djola
djola
jol
jol
—
gliiuw
175
white
blanka
blanka
blaonk
blǫ̀k
—
kuuis
176
black
melga
melga
meug
mewg
—
triiuk
177
night
notu
notu
noth
noþ
—
liit
178
day
daju
daju
doe
doj
—
nag
179
year
yanu
yanu
aonh
òŋ
—
jair
180
hot (
weather
)
kalda
kalda
kaud
kawd
—
vram
181
cold (
weather
)
freda
freda
thredh
þreð
—
fiv
182
full
plena
plena
plen
plen
—
vid
183
new
nova
nova
nô
nô
—
wiun
184
old
vela
vela
vel
vel
—
viuj
185
good
brana
brana
bon
bon
—
taur
186
bad
druga
druga
drugh
druɣ
—
bial
187
rotten
putra
putra
putra
putra
—
xax
188
dirty
swerda
swerda
hwêd
hwêd
—
bziiuv
189
straight
reta
reta
ret
ret
—
qaais
190
round
ronda
ronda
rund
run
—
brug
191
sharp (
as a knife
)
sterpa
sterpa
stêp
stêp
—
tih
192
dull (
as a knife
)
tumpa
tumpa
taump
taųp
—
nub
193
smooth
glisa
glisa
gliz
gliz
—
muuz
194
wet
medra
medra
medhra
meðra
—
muif
195
dry
sekwa
sekwa
sjeku
šeku
—
fas
196
correct
kreta
kreta
kret
kret
—
kaf
197
near
proja
proja
proe
proj
—
raf
198
far
dista
dista
djist
džist
—
rian
199
right (
hand
)
dreta
dreta
dret
dret
—
ruhtan
200
left (
hand
)
vinsa
vinsa
vuins
vwįs
—
laftan
201
at
bi
bi
bi
bi
—
—
202
in
no
no
no
no
—
—
203
with
me
me
me
me
—
—
204
and
wa
,
wa-ke
wa
,
wake
wa
,
weakj
va
,
vèkš
—
a
205
if
ye
ye
,
i
e
,
î
e
—
—
206
because
layo
layo
lae
laj
—
katt
207
name
nomu
nomu
nomh
nov
—
—
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